Abstracts
Résumé
Le courant pédagogique de la philosophie pour enfants tel qu’il s’est construit, depuis les années 1970, vise à instituer une éducation philosophique des enfants de 4 à 17 ans, en vue de développer la faculté de pensée au sein d’un espace de dialogue de nature politique. Dans cette perspective, Ann Margaret Sharp a créé le concept de caring thinking, en tant que dimension ontologique de la pensée animée par un souci politique du Bien, d’Autrui et du Monde. Cet article propose une analyse de ses travaux sur cette notion (entre 1980 et 2009), en vue d’étudier le lien entre le caring thinking et l’éthique du care, et de cibler leurs diverses résonances et les discordances.
Mots-clés :
- philosophie pour enfants,
- caring thinking,
- care,
- Ann-Margaret Sharp,
- États-Unis
Abstract
The pedagogical current of Philosophy for Children as it has been developed since the 1970s aims at instituting a philosophical education of children 4 to 17 years of age with a view to developing the faculty of thought within a space of political dialogue. To this end, Ann Margaret Sharp has forged the concept of caring thinking as an ontological dimension of human thought animated by a political concern for the Good, for Others and for the World. This article sets forth an analysis of Sharp’s work on this notion (between the 1980s and 2009) in order to examine the link between caring thinking and the ethics of care, and to shed light on the resonances and discordances existing between these two currents of thought.
Keywords:
- philosophy for children,
- caring thinking,
- care,
- Ann-Margaret Sharp,
- USA
Resumen
La corriente pedagógica de la Filosofía para Niños tal como se ha construido desde la década de 1970 tiene como objetivo establecer una educación filosófica para niños de 4 a 17 años, con miras a desarrollar la facultad de pensar dentro de un espacio de diálogo de naturaleza político. En esta perspectiva, Ann Margaret Sharp creó el concepto de caring thinking, como una dimensión ontológica del pensamiento humano impulsada por una preocupación política del Bien, del Otro y del Mundo. Este artículo ofrece un análisis del trabajo de Sharp sobre esta noción (entre la década de 1980 y 2009), con miras a estudiar el vínculo entre el pensamiento del cuidado y la ética del cuidado, y apuntar a las resonancias y discrepancias que aparecen entre estas dos escuelas de pensamiento.
Palabras clave:
- filosofía para niños,
- caring thinking,
- cuidado (care),
- Ann-Margaret Sharp,
- Estados Unidos
Appendices
Bibliographie
- Brugère, F. (2011). L’éthique du «care». Presses universitaires de France.
- Butler, J. (2007). Le récit de soi. Presses universitaires de France. (Ouvrage original publié en 2005)
- Cam, P. (2018). The theory of education made flesh. Dans M. R. Gregory et M. J. Laverty (dir.), In a community of inquiry with Ann Margaret Sharp. Childhood, philosophy and education (p. 29-37). Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
- De la Garza, M. T. (2018). Education for liberation. Dans M. R. Gregory et M. J. Laverty (dir.), In a community of inquiry with Ann Margaret Sharp.Childhood, philosophy and education (p. 133-144). Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
- Dewey (2008). Democracy and education. Dans J. A. Boydston (dir.), The middle works of John Dewey 1899-1924 (vol. 9). Southern Illinois University Press. (Ouvrage original publié en 1916)
- Garrau, M. et Le Goff, A. (2010). Care, justice et dépendance. Introduction aux théories du care. Presses universitaires de France.
- Gilligan, C. (2008). Une voix différente. Pour une éthique du «care» (A. Kwiatek, trad.). Flammarion. (Ouvrage original publié en 1982)
- Gilligan, C. (2009). Le care, éthique féminine ou éthique féministe? Multitudes, 37-38(2).
- Glaser, J. (2012). Philosophy for citizenship. Dans J. Mohr Lone et R. Israeloff (dir.), Philosophy and education, introducing philosophy to young people (p. 79-80). Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
- Glaser, J. (2018). Social-political dimensions of the community of philosophical inquiry in an age of globalization. Dans M. R. Gregory et M. J. Laverty (dir.), In a community of inquiry with Ann Margaret Sharp. Childhood, philosophy and education (p. 217-229). Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
- Gregory, M. R. et Laverty, M. J. (dir.) (2018). In a community of inquiry with Ann Margaret Sharp. Childhood, philosophy and education. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
- Hawken, J. (2019). 1, 2, 3, Pensez! Philosophons les enfants. 10 règles d’or et outils pédagogiques. Chronique Sociale.
- Heidegger, M. (1962). Being and time (J. Macquarrie et E. Robinson, trad.). Harper & Row. (Ouvrage original publié en 1927)
- Kant, E. (1992). Fondements de la métaphysique des moeurs. Vrin. (Ouvrage original publié en 1785)
- Kohlberg, L. (1981). Essays on moral development. Vol. 1. The philosophy of moral development. Vol.2. The psychology of moral development. Harper & Row.
- Laugier, S. (2009). L’éthique comme politique de l’ordinaire. Multitudes, 37-38(2).
- Laugier, S. (2018). Cavel on feminism and the ethics of care. Conversations. The Journal of Cavellian Studies, 6, 55-80.
- Lipman, M. (1981). Pixie. IAPC.
- Lipman, M. (1995). Caring as thinking. Inquiry. Critical Thinking Across Discipline, 15(1), 1-13.
- Lipman, M. (2003). Thinking as education (2e éd.). Cambridge University Press.
- Lipman, M., Sharp, A.-M. et Oscanyan, F. S. (1995). La recherche philosophique, guide d’accompagnement de La découverte de Harry. Association québécoise de philosophie pour les enfants (AQPE).
- Morehouse, R. (2018). Caring thinking, education of the emotions and the community of inquiry: A psychological perspective. Dans M. R. Gregory et M. J. Laverty (dir.), In a community of inquiry with Ann Margaret Sharp. Childhood, philosophy and education (p. 197-208). Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
- Mead, G. H. (2015). Mind, self and society. Chicago University Press. (Ouvrage original publié en 1934)
- Noddings, N. (1984). Caring. A feminine approach to ethics and moral education. University of California Press.
- Noddings, N. (2013). Caring. A relational approach to ethics and moral education. University of California Press. (Ouvrage original publié en 1984)
- Nussbaum, M. (1986). The fragility of goodness. Luck and ethics in Greek tragedy and philosophy. Cambridge University Press.
- Paperman, P. et Laugier, S. (dir.). (2011). Le souci des autres. Éthique et politique du care. Éditions de l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales.
- Rawls, J. (2009) Théorie de la justice. Points. (Ouvrage original publié en 1971)
- Ruddick, S. (1989). Maternal thinking. Toward a politics of peace. Beacon Press.
- Sharp, A. M (1986). Is there an essence to education? Journal of Moral Education, 15(3), 189-196.
- Sharp, A. M. (1991). The community of inquiry. Education for democracy. Thinking. The Journal of Philosophy for Children, 9(2), 31-37.
- Sharp, A. M. (1992). A letter to a novice teacher. Dans A. M. Sharp et R. F. Reed (dir.), Studies in philosophy for children: Harry Stottlemeier’s discovery. (p. 165-177). Temple University Press.
- Sharp, A. M. (1993a). The ethics of translation. Critical and Creative Thinking.The Australisian Journal of Philosophy for Children, 1(1), 10-17.
- Sharp, A. M. (1993b). Peirce, feminism, and philosophy for children. Analytic Teaching, 14(1), 51-62.
- Sharp, A. M. (1994a). The religious dimension of philosophy for children, Part I and II. Critical and Creative Thinking. The Australasian Journal of Philosophy for Children, 2(1), 2-14.
- Sharp, A. M. (1994b). Feminism and philosophy for children. Thinking, 11(3-4).
- Sharp, A. M. (1995a). Letter writing: A tool in feminist inquiry. Inquiry. Critical Thinking across disciplines, 14(3), 54-63.
- Sharp, A. M. (1995b). Philosophy for children and the development of ethical values. Early Childhood Development and Care, 107(1), 45-55.
- Sharp, A. M. (1995c). The role of intelligent sympathy. Critical and Creative Thinking. The Australisian Journal of Philosophy for Children, 3(2), 13-37.
- Sharp, A. M. (1996a). Self transformation in the community of inquiry. Inquiry. Critical Thinking Across Disciplines, 16(1), 36-47.
- Sharp, A. M. (1996b). Silence and speech in Pixie. Dans A. M. Sharp et R. F. Reed (dir.), Studies in philosophy for children. Pixie (p. 221-231). La Torre Press.
- Sharp, A. M. (1997). Feminism and philosophy for children. Thinking. The Journal of Philosophy for Children, 13(3-4), 24-28.
- Sharp, A. M. (2004a). And the children shall lead them. International Journal of Applied Philosophy, 18(2), 177-187.
- Sharp, A. M. (2004b). The other dimension of caring thinking. Journal of Philosophy in Schools, 12(1), 16-21.
- Sharp, A. M. (2006a). Doing philosophy in a global society. Dans D. G. Camhy et R. Born (dir.), Encouraging philosophical thinking. Proceedings of the International conference on philosophy for children (p. 9-16). Academia Verlag.
- Sharp, A. M. (2006b). How to educate the emotions in the context of a classroom community of inquiry. Dans M. Schleifer et C. Martiny (dir.), Talking to children about responsability and control of emotions (p. 151-159). Detselig Enterprises.
- Sharp, A. M. et Laverty, M. (2006c). Looking at other’s faces. Thinking. The Journal of Philosophy for Children, 18(2), 43-47.
- Sharp, A. M. (2007). Education of the emotions in the classroom community of inquiry. Gifted Education International, 22, 248-257.
- Sharp, A. M. (2009). Towards a feminist philosophy of education. Simone Weil on force, goodness, work, method and time. Thinking. The Journal of Philosophy for Children, 19(2-3), 87-96.
- Shea, P. (2018). Do we put what is precious at risk through the philosophic conversation? Dans M. R. Gregory et M. J. Laverty (dir.), In a community of inquiry with Ann Margaret Sharp. Childhood, philosophy and education. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
- Splitter, L. (2018). Living in, and with, our relationships to others. Dans M. R. Gregory et M. J. Laverty (dir.), In a community of inquiry with Ann Margaret Sharp. Childhood, philosophy and education. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
- Svandra, P. (2015). Le care, entre éthique, travail et politique. Recherche en soins infirmiers, 3(122), 18-25.
- Tronto, J. (2009). Un monde vulnérable. La Découverte.
- Vygotski, L. (2003). Pensée et langage (F. Sève, trad.). La Dispute. (Ouvrage original publié en 1934)
- Wittgenstein, L. (2014). Recherches philosophiques. Gallimard. (Ouvrage original publié en 1953)