Résumés
Résumé
Les lasers trouvent de continuelles applications en biologie, tant dans le domaine de la recherche que dans celui du diagnostic et de la thérapeutique. L’utilisation de la force optique produite par les lasers a permis de créer une pince optique capable d’attraper une cellule ou un fragment d’organite cellulaire, de les fixer et de les transporter dans un autre site cellulaire. Plus récemment, l’utilisation des pinces optiques a permis de mesurer des déplacements nanométriques et des forces de l’ordre de quelques picoNewtons exercées par un moteur moléculaire unique, comme la myosine ou la kinésine. La pince optique est un outil extraordinaire permettant de « nano-manipuler » un objet sans le toucher, c’est-à-dire sans qu’il y ait de contact matériel entre l’outil et l’objet.
Summary
Optical trapping techniques provide unique means to manipulate biological particles such as virus, living cells and subcellular organelles. Another area of interest is the measurement of mechanical (elastic) properties of cell membranes, long strands of single DNA molecule, and filamentous proteins. One of the most attractive applications is the study of single motor molecules. With optical tweezers traps, one can measure the forces generated by single motor molecules such as kinesin and myosin, in the piconewton range and, for the first time, resolve their detailed stepping motion.
Parties annexes
Références
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