Résumés
Résumé
Objectifs Les troubles anxieux et les troubles de l’humeur sont les troubles de santé mentale les plus souvent observés dans les services de santé et la présence de comorbidité est davantage la règle que l’exception pour ces troubles. Bien que la thérapie cognitive-comportementale (TCC) ait largement été démontrée comme étant efficace pour les troubles anxieux et de l’humeur, les études qui portent sur l’efficacité de la TCC en présence de comorbidité(s) sont peu nombreuses et les résultats contradictoires. Pour répondre à ces questions, cette étude vise à mieux comprendre l’influence de la comorbidité dans le traitement des troubles anxieux, de l’humeur et apparentés à l’aide de la TCC dans une clinique universitaire. Les principaux objectifs sont de comparer les personnes qui ont des troubles anxieux et de l’humeur comorbides aux personnes qui n’en ont pas sur l’efficacité d’une TCC pour traiter le trouble principal et de vérifier si cette dernière permet de traiter les troubles comorbides par le fait même.
Méthode L’échantillon est constitué de 293 personnes qui ont suivi une TCC adaptée en fonction de leurs besoins au Service de consultation de l’École de psychologie (SCEP) de l’Université Laval entre 2007 et 2018 en raison de difficultés liées à l’anxiété ou l’humeur. Les clients étaient exclus s’ils présentaient des symptômes psychotiques ou maniaques non contrôlés ou un trouble lié à l’utilisation d’une substance au premier plan. L’efficacité repose sur une comparaison de plusieurs mesures avant et après le suivi thérapeutique, dont la sévérité des diagnostics (mesurée par une entrevue structurée), les symptômes anxieux et dépressifs ainsi que la qualité de vie tels qu’évalués par des questionnaires au prétraitement et au post-traitement. Des tests t et des ANOVAS à mesures répétées ont été utilisés.
Résultats Avant la thérapie, les résultats révèlent des symptômes significativement plus sévères parmi le groupe de personnes ayant au moins un diagnostic comorbide comparé au groupe de celles qui n’en ont pas. Après la thérapie, les deux groupes ont obtenu une diminution significative de la sévérité du diagnostic principal et ont atteint un changement cliniquement significatif dans une proportion équivalente. Chez les personnes ayant au moins un diagnostic comorbide, le nombre et la sévérité des diagnostics comorbides ont diminué significativement au post-test.
Conclusion Les résultats suggèrent que la comorbidité aggrave le portrait clinique, mais que cela ne nuit pas à l’efficacité de la TCC pour traiter le trouble principal. De plus, la sévérité des troubles comorbides diminue avec la thérapie, même si ces troubles ne sont pas directement ciblés par le traitement. En concordance avec la littérature actuelle, il est donc recommandé de continuer à cibler le trouble principal dans un premier temps, qu’il y ait présence de comorbidité ou non.
Mots-clés :
- comorbidité,
- thérapie cognitive-comportementale,
- troubles anxieux,
- troubles de l’humeur,
- étude d’efficience
Abstract
Objectives Anxiety and depression are the most prevalent disorders observed in health care services and are frequently comorbid with other disorders. Although Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has widely been shown efficacious to treat anxiety and mood disorders, studies that have focused on its effectiveness in the presence of comorbidity have been few and show conflicting results. Thus, the implications of the presence of comorbid disorders for treatment are still unknown. In an attempt to answer these questions, this study explores the impact of comorbidity on CBT for anxiety and mood disorders in a university-based clinic.
Methods A total of 293 clients consulting for anxiety and/or mood disorders at the Service de Consultation de l’École de Psychologie de l’Université Laval (SCEP) between 2007 and 2018 took part in the study. Clients were excluded if they presented uncontrolled psychotic, manic or substance abuse symptoms as their principal complaint. Clients without comorbid disorders where compared to clients who had comorbid disorders on different measures before and after receiving therapy to examine if comorbidity had an impact on CBT effectiveness to treat the principal disorder. The impact of treatment on comorbid disorders was also investigated. Effectiveness was assessed on several measures before and after treatment including the severity of diagnoses (measured with a structured interview), anxiety and mood symptoms as well as quality of life. Repeated measures ANOVAs and t-tests were used.
Results Before initiating therapy, clients with comorbid disorders had significantly more severe symptoms than clients without comorbid disorders. However, following therapy, both groups had significantly less severe principal disorders and reached a clinically significant change in equivalent proportions. Furthermore, the number and severity of comorbid disorders significantly decreased following therapy.
Conclusion These findings suggest that although the presence of comorbid disorders leads to more severe symptoms, it does not affect the effectiveness of CBT for the principal disorder. Furthermore, comorbid disorders improved even though they were not specifically targeted by treatment. In concordance with the literature, it is thus suggested to keep focusing treatment on the principal disorder, whether comorbid disorders are present or not.
Keywords:
- comorbidity,
- cognitive-behavioral therapy,
- anxiety disorders,
- mood disorders,
- effectiveness study
Parties annexes
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