Résumés
Résumé
Objectif Les individus provenant d’une minorité sexuelle rapportent plus de problèmes de santé mentale que les individus ayant une identité hétérosexuelle. Or, la majorité des recherches canadiennes sur ce sujet ont été réalisées il y a plusieurs années, bien avant les changements culturels et légaux concernant la population lesbienne, gay et bisexuelle. Ces changements culturels, sociaux et légaux ont sans aucun doute influencé le portrait clinique de cette population. Cette étude vise à identifier les différences en santé mentale chez les gens qui sont issus ou non de minorités sexuelles.
Méthode Un échantillon régionalement représentatif d’adultes en Estrie, Québec (n = 10 687) a participé à un sondage téléphonique. Pour ce faire, les participants devaient répondre à des questions concernant leur identité sexuelle et la présence de problèmes de santé mentale incluant la détresse psychologique, la dépression, et de problèmes de surconsommation d’alcool et de drogues.
Résultats Les résultats ont indiqué plusieurs différences significatives entre les individus appartenant à une minorité sexuelle et les individus hétérosexuels. Les différences sont surtout observées lorsque les individus bisexuels ou principalement hétérosexuels sont comparés aux individus hétérosexuels. La majorité de ces différences sont principalement expliquées par les variables de contrôle (l’âge, le niveau d’éducation, le revenu et le fait d’appartenir à une minorité visible).
Conclusions Ces résultats suggèrent l’importance d’atténuer les différences sociodémographiques pour améliorer la santé mentale chez les individus issus d’une minorité sexuelle. Les vulnérabilités spécifiques des individus ayant une identité bisexuelle et principalement hétérosexuelle devraient être davantage considérées.
Mots-clés :
- Minorités sexuelles,
- dépression,
- détresse,
- consommation
Abstract
Objectives Individuals with sexual minority identities (e.g., identities other than heterosexual such as gay, lesbian bisexual or mostly heterosexual) are at increased risk for a number of negative health outcomes compared to individuals who identify as heterosexuals. The majority of existing Canadian population-based studies on this topic, however, were conducted prior to major cultural and legal changes with regards to sexual minority population. Furthermore, much of the more recent work focuses on adolescents or identifies mental health outcomes among urban populations. The goal of the current study was to assess if sexual minority-based health disparities were observed within a population-based sample of adult men and women from Estrie, a semi-urban administrative region of Quebec.
Method In 2014-15, an independent firm surveyed a random sample of adults in Estrie, Quebec. A total of 10,687 individuals completed telephone surveys about their mental health (psychological distress, depression, alcohol use and drug consumption) and their sexual identities (i.e., heterosexual, gay, lesbian, bisexual or mostly heterosexual). Analyses were performed separately for men and women.
Results Significant differences, specifically with regards to distress and cannabis use were observed across sexual minority status. Specifically, bisexual and mostly heterosexual participants reported poorer mental health outcomes compared with heterosexual participants. The majority of differences observed, however, were explained by variation in demographic variables (age, education, revenue and visible minority status).
Conclusion These findings suggest the importance of demographic factors with regards to understanding vulnerability to mental health outcomes among sexual minority adults. Furthermore, the specific vulnerabilities experienced by mostly heterosexual and bisexual participants need to be taken into consideration by mental health professionals.
Keywords:
- sexual minority,
- depression,
- distress,
- substance use
Parties annexes
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