Résumés
Résumé
L’adolescence, avec le début de la puberté, représente une période développementale durant laquelle il existe une plus grande vulnérabilité pour l’émergence de psychopathologies telle que les troubles affectifs. C’est également une importante période de maturation des circuits neuronaux sous-tendant la régulation des émotions, suggérant ainsi la possibilité que certains mécanismes neurodéveloppementaux puissent contribuer à cette vulnérabilité. Bien que plusieurs études épidémiologiques suggèrent une prévalence plus élevée de troubles dépressifs durant la puberté chez les filles, les chercheurs ne font que commencer à se pencher sur la question de l’influence spécifique de la puberté sur le développement des circuits fronto-striato-limbiques sous-tendant la régulation des émotions. Cet article inclut a) la présentation d’études en imagerie par résonance magnétique axées sur l’étude du développement cérébral sous-tendant les émotions pendant la puberté ; b) le traitement de l’importance de l’étude du développement cérébral pendant la puberté afin d’élucider les facteurs prédisposant aux troubles affectifs ; c) une intégration des recherches scientifiques en neuroscience affective du développement en vue de développer des stratégies d’intervention pour les troubles affectifs chez l’adolescent.
Mots-clés :
- puberté,
- cerveau,
- émotion,
- cognition,
- imagerie en résonance magnétique,
- imagerie en résonance magnétique fonctionnelle,
- anxiété,
- dépression
Abstract
Adolescence, with the onset of puberty, represents a developmental period that, in the context of adverse events, renders youth vulnerable to the onset of psychopathology such as affective disorders. It is also a time when fronto-striatal-limbic systems supporting the processing and regulation of emotion and reward undergo important neuromaturational changes. Despite evidence from epidemiological research suggesting that, particularly in girls, the increase in the rate of depression is more strongly associated with pubertal development than maturational age, researchers are just beginning to scratch the surface regarding the specific influence of puberty on the development of fronto-striatal-limbic systems implicated in the pathophysiology of affective disorders. The goal of this review is to a) summarize findings from human neuroimaging studies focusing on the specific influence of puberty or sex hormones on the neurodevelopment of emotional processes, b) highlight the need for a better understanding of neurodevelopmental changes during puberty and how such changes could contribute to developmental trajectories toward the onset of an affective disorder and, c) discuss the potential value of investigating how these changes may contribute to unique opportunities for developing intervention strategies for affective disorders in adolescence.
Keywords:
- puberty,
- brain,
- emotion,
- cognition,
- magnetic resonance imaging,
- fMRI,
- anxiety,
- depression
Parties annexes
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