Résumés
Résumé
Les études contemporaines suggèrent que la plupart des enfants qui manifestent un trouble des conduites présentent également des difficultés personnelles et familiales. Ceci est particulièrement vrai pour les jeunes dont le trouble est précoce. L’identification des caractéristiques personnelles et des facteurs sociaux et familiaux de risque et de protection associés aux difficultés sont d’une grande utilité pour la planification des interventions et l’organisation des services à offrir aux jeunes et aux familles du Québec. En conséquence, les objectifs de cette étude sont d’identifier les facteurs sociaux, familiaux et psychologiques qui caractérisent les enfants présentant un trouble des conduites. Pour y parvenir 62 enfants en traitement, âgés entre 7 et 12 ans et présentant un diagnostic de trouble des conduites sont comparés à 36 enfants du même âge sans trouble des conduites. Les résultats établissent que les enfants ayant un trouble des conduites proviennent de familles moins stables et cohésives, ainsi que d’un niveau socioéconomique plus faible. De plus, les enfants ont un réseau de soutien social moins développé. L’étude révèle également que les parents des enfants qui présentent un trouble des conduites utilisent davantage la punition. Enfin, la recherche démontre que les enfants de ce groupe ont une probabilité beaucoup plus grande de présenter un autre trouble extériorisé (66 %) que les enfants du groupe témoin (8 %). L’ensemble de ces caractéristiques distinctives permet de classifier correctement 93,8 % des enfants de l’étude dans les 2 groupes. Les résultats obtenus indiquent l’intérêt d’améliorer les pratiques éducatives des parents, d’augmenter le réseau social de l’enfant et de réduire les conduites d’opposition et d’inattention chez l’enfant. Enfin, la complexité des difficultés relevées chez les enfants et les familles invitent à une intervention professionnelle concertée.
Abstract
Contemporary studies suggest that most of the children who manifest conducts disorder also present personal as well as family problems. This is particularly true for children whose disorder is precocious. The identification of personal characteristics as well as social and family risk and protection factors associated with children with such problems are of great use for intervention planning and service organization for them and their families in Québec. In consequence, the objectives of this study are to identify the social, family and psychological factors that characterize children presenting conducts disorder. To do so, 62 children in treatment between the ages of 7 and 12 and with a diagnosis of conducts disorder are compared with 36 children of the same age without such diagnosis. Results show that children with conduct problems come from less stable and cohesive families as well as a lower socio-economic level. Moreover, their network of social support is less developed. The study reveals that the parents of children with conducts disorder use punishment more often. Finally, the research demonstrates that the children of this group have a much higher probability of presenting an exteriorized disorder (66 %) than the children of the other group (8 %). All these distinctive characteristics allows to correctly classify 93,8 % of the children of this study in the 2 groups. The results indicate the need to improve the parents’educational practices, increase the child’s social network as well as reduce the conducts of opposition and inattention of the child. Finally, the complexity of the problems raised with the child and families commands a concerted professional intervention.
Resumen
Los estudios contemporáneos sugieren que la mayoría de los niños que manifiestan un problema de conducta presentan también dificultades personales y familiares. Esto es particularmente cierto en los jóvenes cuyo problema es precoz. La identificación de las características personales y los factores sociales y familiares de riesgo y protección asociados a los niños con dichas dificultades son de gran utilidad para la planificación de las intervenciones y la organización de servicios por ofrecer a los jóvenes y a las familias de Quebec. En consecuencia, los objetivos de este estudio son identificar los factores sociales, familiares y psicológicos que caracterizan a los niños que presentan un problema de conducta. Para lograrlo, 62 niños en tratamiento, entre 7 y 12 años y con un diagnóstico de problemas de conducta, son comparados con 36 niños de la misma edad sin problemas de conducta. Los resultados establecen que los niños que tienen un problema de conducta provienen de familias menos estables y cohesivas, así como de un nivel socioeconómico más débil. Además, los niños cuentan con una red de apoyo social menos desorrollada. El estudio también revela que los padres de los niños que presentan un problema de conducta utilizan más el castigo. Por último, la investigación demuestra que los niños de este grupo tienen una probablidad mucho mayor de presentar otro problema exteriorizado (66%) que los niños del grupo testigo (8%). El conjunto de estas características distintivas permite clasificar correctamente al 93.8% de los niños del estudio en los 2 grupos. Los resultados obtenidos indican el interés de mejorar las prácticas educativas de los padres, aumentar la red social del niño y reducir las conductas de oposición y distracción en el niño. Finalmente, la complejidad de las dificultades observadas en los niños y las familias invitan a una intervención profesional adecuada.
Resumo
Estudos contemporâneos afirmam que a maioria das crianças que manifesta problemas de comportamento apresenta também dificuldades pessoais e familiares. Principalmente jovens cujo problema aparece bem cedo. A identificação das características pessoais e dos fatores sociais e familiares de risco e de proteção, associados às crianças com tais dificuldades, é de grande utilidade para o planejamento das atuações e para a organização dos serviços a oferecer aos jovens e às famílias do Quebec. Conseqüentemente, os objetivos deste estudo foram identificar os fatores sociais, familiares e psicológicos que caracterizam as crianças que apresentam problemas de comportamento. Para tal, 62 crianças em tratamento, de 7 à 12 anos e apresentando um diagnóstico de problemas de comportamento, foram comparadas a 36 crianças da mesma idade, sem problemas de comportamento. Os resultados demonstraram que as crianças que apresentam problemas de comportamento vêm de famílias menos estáveis e unidas, e de um nível sócio-econômico mais baixo. Além disto, as crianças possuem uma rede de apoio social menos desenvolvida. O estudo revela também que os pais das crianças que apresentam problemas de comportamento utilizam mais a punição que os outros pais. Concluindo, a pesquisa prova que as crianças desse grupo têm uma probabilidade muito maior de apresentar outros problemas exteriorizados (66%) que as crianças do grupo de controle (8%). Essas características distintivas permitem classificar corretamente 93,8% das crianças do estudo nos dois grupos. Os resultados obtidos indicam o interesse em melhorar as práticas educativas dos pais, aumentar a rede social da criança e reduzir os comportamentos de oposição e de falta de atenção na criança. A complexidade das dificuldades levantadas junto às crianças e às famílias incentiva a preparação de uma atuação profissional.
Parties annexes
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