Résumés
Abstract
This exploratory study examines union-civil alliances in New Zealand (NZ). It focuses on the involvement of NZ’s peak union body, the Council of Trade Unions, in three civil group coalitions around the Living Wage Campaign, Decent Work Agenda and Environmental Agenda. It assesses how the CTU and its affiliates’ coalition involvement are informed by and seek to progress liberal (representative), participatory and/or more radical democratic principles, and what this means for organizational practice; the relations between the coalition parties; workplaces; and beyond.
Through case discussions, the study finds that civil alliances involving the CTU and its affiliates do not reflect a core trait of union activity in NZ. Among the union-civil alliances that do exist, there is a prevailing sense of their utility to progress shared interests alongside, and on the union side, a more instrumental aim to encourage union revival. However, the alliances under examination reflect an engagement with various liberal and participatory democratic arrangements at different organizational levels. More radical democratic tendencies emerge in relation to ad hoc elements of activity and the aspirational goals of such coalitions as opposed to their usual processes and institutional configurations.
In essence, what emerges is a labour centre and movement which, on the one hand, is in a survivalist mode primarily concerned with economistic matters, and on the other, in a position of relative political and bargaining weakness, reaching out to other civil groups where it can so as to challenge the neo-liberal hegemony. Based on our findings, we conclude that Laclau and Mouffe’s (2001) view of radical democracy holds promise for subsequent coalitions involving the CTU, particularly in the context of NZ workers’ diverse interests and the plurality of other civil groups and social movements’ interests. This view concerns on-going agency, change, organizing and strategy by coalitions to build inclusive (counter-) hegemony, arguing for a politic from below that challenges existing dominant neo-liberal assumptions in work and other spheres of life.
Keywords:
- social movement unionism (SMU),
- trade unions,
- peak body,
- liberal democracy,
- participatory democracy,
- radical democracy,
- civil alliance,
- coalition-building,
- New Zealand
Résumé
Cette étude prospective évalue les accords entre syndicats et groupes civils en Nouvelle-Zélande (NZ). Elle se concentre sur la participation du Conseil des syndicats néo-zélandais (Council of Trade Unions-CTU) aux trois coalitions relatives au salaire minimum vital, au travail décent et au programme environnemental. Elle examine trois courants d’idées (soit la démocratie libérale, la démocratie participative et la pensée radicale) dans le cadre de ces coalitions auxquelles le CTU et ses syndicats affiliés participent, ainsi que leur signification au niveau des pratiques syndicales, des relations entre les participants de la coalition, des milieux de travail et, enfin, de la société en général.
Grâce à ces études de cas, nous constatons que les coalitions civiles auxquelles participent le CTU et ses affiliés ne constituent pas des traits déterminants des activités syndicales en Nouvelle-Zélande. Parmi les alliances existantes, un sentiment domine quant à leur contribution au progrès des intérêts communs, mais, du côté syndical, un but davantage orienté vers le renouveau du syndicalisme prédomine. Toutefois, les alliances étudiées traduisent un engagement envers divers principes démocratiques à différents niveaux de l’organisation. Pour leur part, les tendances radicales émergent grâce aux activités ad hoc et aux objectifs recherchés par ces alliances, et non pas par leurs procédés ou configurations institutionnels. Fondamentalement, il appert que le mouvement syndical s’efforce, d’une part, de survivre en se concentrant sur les salaires et les conditions de travail, et, d’autre part, étant donné sa position de faiblesse, il tente de tendre la main aux groupes civils dans le but de contrecarrer l’hégémonie néo-libérale. À partir de nos observations, nous concluons que le concept de démocratie radicale de Laclau et Mouffe (2001) pourrait être prometteur dans le cadre de futures coalitions auxquelles participerait le CTU, particulièrement sur le plan des divers intérêts communs partagés par le syndicalisme et les autres groupes civils. Cette vision concerne, notamment, les engagements moraux, le changement social, l’organisation et la stratégie des coalitions visant à bâtir une contre-hégémonie basée sur une participation qui va du bas vers le haut et qui pourrait, ainsi, venir contrecarrer les thèses néo-libérales dominantes dans les milieux de travail et dans les autres sphères de la vie.
Mots-clés:
- syndicalisme,
- mouvement social,
- centrales syndicales,
- démocratie libérale,
- démocratie participative,
- pensée radicale,
- alliance civile,
- coalition,
- Nouvelle-Zélande
Resumen
Este estudio exploratorio evalúa las alianzas entre sindicatos y grupos civiles en Nueva Zelandia (NZ). El estudio se concentra en la implicación del Consejo de sindicatos neo-zelandeses (Council of Trade Unions - CTU) en tres coaliciones en torno a los temas del salario mínimo vital, el trabajo decente y la agenda del medio ambiente. Se examina hasta qué punto la participación del CTU y de sus afiliados en la coalición se inspira de los principios de tres corrientes de ideas, esto es, la democracia liberal, la democracia participativa y el pensamiento radical. Se aborda igualmente, la significación de dichas influencias a nivel de la práctica organizacional, de las relaciones entre participantes de la coalición, de los medios de trabajo y de la sociedad en general.
Gracias a estos estudios de casos, se constata que las coaliciones civiles a las cuales participaron la CTU y sus afiliados no constituyen una característica central de la actividad sindical en Nueva Zelandia. En el seno de las alianzas existentes, domina un sentimiento respecto a su contribución al progreso de los intereses comunes, pero, del lado sindical, predomina un objetivo más instrumental de promover la renovación sindical. Sin embargo, las alianzas estudiadas traducen un compromiso con los diversos principios de la democracia liberal y participativa a diferentes niveles de la organización. Por su lado, las tendencias más radicales emergen gracias a actividades ad hoc y a las aspiraciones formuladas por las alianzas en oposición a los procedimientos habituales y las configuraciones institucionales.
Aparece de manera fundamental, que el movimiento sindical se esfuerza, de un lado, por sobrevivir concentrándose en los trabajadores asalariados y las condiciones de trabajo, y, de otro lado, dada la posición de debilidad el intenta tender la mano a los grupos civiles con el objetivo de desafiar la hegemonía neo-liberal. A partir de estas observaciones, se concluye que el concepto de democracia radical de Laclau y Mouffe (2001) podría ser prometedor en el marco de futuras coaliciones a las cuales participaría el CTU, particularmente en el plano de diversos intereses comunes compartidos por el sindicalismo y los otros grupos civiles. Esta visión concierne, especialmente, los compromisos morales, el cambio social, la organización y la estrategia de coaliciones con miras a construir una contra-hegemonía inclusiva que fomente una política que va de abajo hacia arriba y que podría ser capaz de desafiar las concepciones neoliberales dominantes en los medios de trabajo y en las otras esferas de la vida.
Palabras claves:
- sindicalismo,
- movimiento social,
- centrales sindicales,
- democracia liberal,
- democracia participativa,
- pensamiento radical,
- alianza civil,
- coalición,
- Nueva Zelandia
Parties annexes
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