Résumés
Abstract
This article examines the development of the ILO’s Global Strategy on Occupational Safety and Health through the lens of social exclusion. Social exclusion is a transversal concept across the social sciences. The article integrates the study of exclusion as an essential element of institutional analysis in industrial relations. After discussing the treatment of the study of exclusion in labour and employment relations scholarship, it presents an analytic frame using four mechanisms of exclusion taken from sociology: 1- encoding; 2- framing pathways; 3- non-decision making; and 4- mining actualities.
Observations are presented from a qualitative study of 125 preparatory and legal texts created through the development of the Global Strategy between 2000 and 2015. The method of analysis is a socio-historic interpretation following the principles of analysis of primary source documents outlined by Marc Trachtenberg in his book The Craft of International History: A Guide to Method. Exclusionary dynamics are observed in three areas: 1- managing the meaning of OSH policy integration; 2- shaping the role of collective labour rights in OSH policy; and 3- sidestepping the development of specific OSH hazard protections. Comparisons are made at key points with recent normative work by UN human rights bodies, including the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and their General Comment No. 23 on the human right to just and favourable conditions of work. The result is a Global OSH Strategy with promotional strengths, but also neoliberal values interwoven in its policy framework.
Keywords:
- International Labour Organization,
- occupational health and safety,
- social exclusion,
- mobilization of bias
Résumé
Cet article examine le développement de la Stratégie globale en matière de sécurité et de santé au travail de l’Organisation internationale du Travail (OIT) à travers le prisme de l’exclusion sociale. L’exclusion sociale est un concept transversal dans les sciences sociales. L’article intègre l’étude de l’exclusion comme une composante essentielle d’une analyse institutionnelle en relations industrielles. Il présente un cadre analytique en utilisant quatre mécanismes d’exclusion repris de la sociologie : 1- l’encodage ; 2- les voies encadrant ; 3- la non-prise de décision ; et 4- les actualités minées.
Les observations sont présentées à partir d’une étude qualitative de 125 textes juridiques préparatoires rédigés dans le cadre du développement de la Stratégie globale entre 2000 et 2015. Notre méthode s’avère être une interprétation socio-historique suivant les principes de l’analyse des documents primaires articulés par Marc Trachtenberg dans son livre The Craft of International History : A Guide to Method.
Des dynamiques d’exclusion furent observées dans trois domaines : 1- la gestion du sens de l’intégration des politiques en matière de SST ; 2- l’élaboration du rôle des droits collectifs du travail dans la politique en matière de SST ; et 3- le développement des protections spécifiques de danger en matière de SST. Le résultat a donné une Stratégie globale en matière de SST avec des forces de promotion, mais aussi des valeurs néolibérales entrelacées dans le cadre de sa politique.
Mots-clés :
- Organisation Internationale du Travail,
- sécurité et santé au travail,
- mobilisation des biais,
- exclusion sociale
Resumen
Este artículo examina el desarrollo de la Estrategia global en materia de seguridad y salud ocupacional de la Organización internacional del Trabajo (OIT) a través del prisma de la exclusión social. La exclusión social es un concepto transversal en las ciencias sociales. El artículo integra el estudio de la exclusión como un componente esencial de un análisis institucional en relaciones industriales. Después de haber discutido el tratamiento del estudio de la exclusión en la literatura de las relaciones laborales y del empleo, se presenta un marco analítico incluyendo cuatro mecanismos de exclusión inspirados de la sociología : 1- la codificación ; 2- las vías estructurantes ; 3- la ausencia de toma de decisión ; y 4- las realidades socavadas.
Las observaciones presentadas se basan en un estudio cualitativo de 125 textos jurídicos preparatorios redactados en el marco del desarrollo de la Estrategia global entre 2000 y 2015. Nuestro método consiste en una interpretación socio-histórica siguiendo los principios del análisis de documentos primarios articulados por Marc Trachtenberg en su libro The Craft of International Historic: A Guide to Method.
Las dinámicas de exclusión fueron observadas sobre tres áreas : 1- la gestión del sentido de integración de políticas en materia de salud y seguridad ocupacional (SSO) ; 2- la elaboración del rol de derechos colectivos de trabajo en la política de SSO ; y 3- el desarrollo de protecciones específicas de riesgos en materia de SSO. El resultado obtenido es una Estrategia global en materia de SSO con fuerzas de promoción, pero también con valores neoliberales entrelazados en sus esquemas políticos.
Palabras clave:
- OIT,
- salud y seguridad ocupacional,
- movilización de sesgos,
- exclusión social
Parties annexes
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