Résumés
Abstract
This paper aims to contribute to understandings of the broader regulatory context in which remuneration for care work is negotiated and determined. It draws on a case study of the non-profit sector of Toronto and moves beyond an exclusive focus on the formal regulation of the employment relationship to include other crucial regulatory mechanisms in the analysis. The paper attempts to map the intersections between these different forms of regulation and to identify the effects they produce in practice.
The paper identifies four main regulatory forces that shape the quantum and basis of the wages and non-wage benefits paid to care workers. Firstly, industrial relations regulation plays an important role not only through the demarcation between unionized and non-unionized agencies, but in demarcations between smaller and larger agencies, between full-time and part-time workers and between regular and elect-to work workers. Secondly, the sources and structure of the social services funding market directly limit care worker remuneration and can work to trump the impact of unionization. Thirdly, the regulatory force of the gendered undervaluing of paid care work is reflected in and intertwined with changes in the protection offered to employees via industrial regulation. Finally, the gendered architecture of paid care work, including size of agency or whether the care work is undertaken in the home or in an institution, contributes to different outcomes for different groups of workers undertaking similar work.
The interaction of these regulatory forces plays out in the wage and non-wage outcomes in all social services work at the labour market, industry and workplace levels. While the non-profit sector in Toronto provides one specific context in which this occurs, these regulatory forces, particularly the normative effect of gender, are present in other provincial and national contexts. This is at least partly because the community services funding market in other developed countries is underpinned by the same features of new public management present in Canada.
Keywords:
- paid care work,
- funding models,
- gender,
- regulation,
- wages and non-wage benefits
Résumé
Cet article vise à améliorer la compréhension du contexte général de régulation dans lequel la rémunération pour le travail des fournisseurs de soins professionnels est négociée et déterminée. Il s’appui pour cela sur une étude de cas du secteur à but non lucratif de Toronto et va au-delà d’un examen portant exclusivement sur le mode de régulation formelle de la relation d’emploi, pour inclure d’autres mécanismes qui s’avèrent tout aussi cruciaux. Il cherche à cartographier les espaces communs entre ces différentes formes de régulation et à identifier les effets qu’ils produisent en pratique.
L’article identifie quatre forces principales qui influent sur la base et l’ampleur des salaires et des avantages non salariaux du personnel de soins professionnels. Premièrement, la régulation des relations industrielles joue un rôle important non seulement à travers la traditionnelle démarcation entre agences syndiquées et agences non syndiquées, mais aussi entre les agences selon leur taille et entre les salariés selon leur statut d’emploi (à temps complet ou à temps partiel, permanents ou occasionnels). Deuxièmement, le financement des services sociaux limite directement la rémunération de ces salariés et contribue à freiner l’impact de la syndicalisation. Troisièmement, la force régulatrice de la sous-évaluation du travail des soignants, du fait qu’il est très majoritairement féminin, se reflète dans et s’entrelace avec les changements dans la protection offerte aux salariés via la réglementation du travail. Enfin, l’architecture sexuée du travail rémunéré dans ce secteur, incluant la taille des agences et selon que le travail est accompli à la maison ou en institution, contribue à produire des résultats différents pour différents groupes effectuant le même travail.
L’interaction entre ces forces régulatrices a un effet certain sur les salaires et les avantages non salariaux des et salariés des services sociaux que ce soit au niveau du marché, de l’industrie ou du lieu de travail. Bien que le secteur sans but lucratif de Toronto constitue un contexte spécifique pour l’observation de ce phénomène, ces forces régulatrices, particulièrement l’effet normatif du sexe, sont aussi présentes dans d’autres environnements, qu’ils soient nationaux ou provinciaux. Il en est ainsi, en partie du moins, parce que le marché pour le financement des services communautaires dans d’autres pays développés repose sur les mêmes caractéristiques du nouveau management public que l’on retrouve au Canada.
Mots-clés :
- travail des soignants professionnels,
- modèles de financement,
- genre,
- régulation,
- salaires et avantages sociaux
Resumen
Este documento busca contribuir a la comprensión del vasto contexto de regulación en que la remuneración del trabajo de cuidador es negociada y determinada. Se basa en un estudio de caso en el sector de organizaciones sin fines lucrativos de Toronto y va más allá de la regulación formal de las relaciones de empleo para incluir en el análisis otros mecanismos cruciales de regulación. Este documento intenta trazar un plano de las intersecciones existentes entre esas diferentes formas de regulación e identificar sus respectivos efectos en la práctica.
Se identifican cuatro principales fuerzas de regulación que modulan el monto y la base de los salarios y de los beneficios no salariales pagados a los trabajadores cuidadores. Primero, la regulación de la relaciones industriales juega un rol importante no solo a través la demarcación entre agencias sindicalizadas y no sindicalizadas, pero también en las demarcaciones entre pequeñas y grandes agencias, entre trabajadores a tiempo completo y a tiempo parcial y entre trabajadores regulares y trabajadores temporarios o de agencia. Segundo, las fuentes y estructura de los servicios sociales que financian directamente el mercado limitan la remuneración de los trabajadores cuidadores y pueden trabajar para superar el impacto de la sindicalización. Tercero, la fuerza reguladora de la sub-valorización sexista del salario de los trabajadores cuidadores se refleja y se entrelaza con los cambios en la protección ofrecida a los empleados mediante la regulación industrial. Finalmente, la arquitectura de tipo sexista que adopta el pago del trabajo de cuidador, incluyendo la talla de la agencia o el hecho que el trabajo de cuidar se haga a domicilio o en una institución, contribuyen a diferentes resultados para los diferentes grupos de trabajadores comprendidos en este tipo de trabajo.
La interacción de estas fuerzas reguladoras interviene en la definición de los beneficios salariales y no salariales del conjunto de trabajadores de servicios sociales en los diferentes niveles del mercado de trabajo, de la industria y del lugar de trabajo. Mientras el sector de organizaciones sin fines lucrativos en Toronto procura un contexto específico para ello, esas fuerzas reguladoras, particularmente el efecto normativo del género, son presentes en otros contextos provinciales y nacionales. Esto es así, al menos parcialmente, por que el mercado de servicios comunitarios en otros países desarrollados se basa en las mismas características de la nueva gestión pública presente en Canadá.
Palabras clave:
- trabajo pagado de cuidador,
- modelos de fondos,
- género,
- regulación,
- beneficios salariales y no salariales
Parties annexes
References
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