Résumés
Abstract
The obliquebanded leafroller (OBLR), Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) [Lepidoptera: Tortricidae], a primary pest in Quebec apple orchards, can be naturally parasitized. Knowing that habitats around crop’s peripheries are reservoirs for natural enemies of pests, the objective of the present investigation was to assess parasitism and parasitoid guild composition associated with the OBLR. The two-year study included orchards under integrated pest management, their edges, and adjacent woodlands. Parasitism was assessed using sentinel OBLR larvae and considered spring, early summer and late summer. Parasitism rates between regions with different vegetation composition were not significantly different. The first year, late summer larvae showed higher parasitism in orchards (27%), compared to edges (7%) and woodlands (11%). The following year, larvae exposed in early summer had higher parasitism rate in edges (28%) compared to orchards and woodlands (17% in both zones). Nineteen parasitoid species parasitized sentinel larvae. The tachinid Actia interrupta (Curran), the most abundant species, represented 28 and 62% of species the first and the second year respectively. Our research demonstrates that natural biological regulation of the OBLR is the result of a highly diversified parasitoid guild and this should be taken into account in any Integrated Pest Management program.
Keywords:
- parasitism,
- parasitoid diversity,
- Actia interrupta,
- larval parasitoid,
- parasitoid assemblage,
- species richness,
- IPM
Résumé
Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) [Lepidoptera : Tortricidae] (TBO), ravageur primaire des vergers de pommiers au Québec, peut être naturellement parasitée. Étant donné que les habitats près des périphéries des cultures sont des réservoirs pour les ennemis naturels des ravageurs, l’objectif de cette recherche était d’évaluer le parasitisme et la diversité des parasitoïdes de la TBO. L’étude sur deux ans porte sur les vergers sous régie intégrée, leurs lisières et boisés adjacents. Le parasitisme fut évalué avec des larves sentinelles de TBO, placées à différentes périodes (printemps, début, fin d’été). L’année 1, seules les larves de fin d’été ont présenté des différences significatives entre les zones : parasitisme supérieur en verger (27 %), comparativement à la lisière (7 %) et aux boisés (11 %). L’année suivante, les larves exposées en début d’été présentaient un parasitisme supérieur en lisière (28 %), par rapport aux larves en verger et dans les boisés (17 %). Dix-neuf espèces de parasitoïdes ont attaqué les larves sentinelles de TBO. Le tachinaire Actia interrupta (Curran) était le plus abondant (28 % année 1 et 62 % année 2). Nos résultats démontrent que la régulation naturelle de la TBO est le résultat de l’action d’une guilde très diversifiée de parasitoïdes, qui doit être prise en compte dans tout programme de lutte.
Mots-clés :
- parasitisme,
- diversité de parasitoïdes,
- Actia interrupta,
- parasitoïdes des larves,
- assemblage des parasitoïdes,
- richesse d’espèces,
- lutte intégrée
Parties annexes
References
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