Résumés
Résumé
L’ajustement osmotique, les pigments photosynthétiques et les changements d’activités des antioxydants enzymatiques ont été évalués chez dix génotypes de blé dur (Triticum durum) soumis à des conditions de stress hydrique. Les plantules de blé ont germé en hydroponie, en chambre de culture. Le stress hydrique a été appliqué aux quatrième et cinquième stades de la feuille par l’ajout d’une solution de polyéthylène glycol (PEG 6000) (-0,49 MPa). Le potentiel osmotique ainsi que la teneur en chlorophylle totale (Chl a+b) et en caroténoïdes (Car) ont été déterminés. Des analyses électrophorétiques ont été effectuées pour trois enzymes antioxydantes, soit la superoxyde dismutase (SOD), la guaïacol peroxydase (GPOX) et la catalase (CAT), en utilisant l’électrophorèse sur gel de polyacrylamide (PAGE) en conditions natives. Les résultats obtenus montrent une réduction du potentiel osmotique foliaire et une diminution de Chl a+b et Car sous l’effet du stress hydrique. Toutefois, il existe des différences significatives entre les génotypes étudiés en réponse au traitement imposé. PAGE a permis de montrer une augmentation dans l’intensité des enzymes étudiées et une apparition d’isoformes supplémentaires, dont une de CAT et trois de SOD, en conditions de stress. Ces différences dans les réponses au stress hydrique pourraient être des indices utiles et fiables pour la sélection de génotypes tolérants de blé dur.
Mots-clés :
- accumulation d’osmolytes,
- chlorophylles,
- déficit hydrique,
- isozymes,
- peroxydation lipidique,
- stress oxydatif
Abstract
Osmotic adjustment, photosynthetic pigments and changes in antioxidant enzyme activities were evaluated in ten durum wheat (Triticum durum) genotypes under water stress conditions. The wheat seedlings germinated in hydroponic conditions in a growth chamber. Water deficit was performed at the fourth and fifth leaf stages using a polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) solution (-0.49 MPa). Osmotic potential as well as total chlorophyll (Chl a+b) and carotenoid (Car) contents were investigated. Electrophoretic analyses were performed for three antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) and catalase (CAT) using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The results obtained show a reduction in leaf osmotic potential and a decrease in Chl a+b and Car contents under water stress conditions. However, there are significant differences between the genotypes studied in their response to the treatment. PAGE showed an increased intensity in the enzymes studied and the appearance of additional isoforms, including one CAT and three SOD, under stress conditions. These differences in water stress response could be useful and reliable indices for the selection of tolerant durum wheat genotypes.
Keywords:
- chlorophylls,
- isozymes,
- lipid peroxidation,
- osmolyte accumulation,
- oxidative stress,
- water deficit
Parties annexes
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