Résumés
Résumé
Le paludisme est responsable de plus de deux millions de décès par an, essentiellement en Afrique. Chez l’homme, le parasite infecte à la fois les hépatocytes et les érythrocytes, mais la symptomatologie de la maladie est seulement associée à l’infestation des globules rouges. Les érythrocytes matures sont à la fois incapables de synthèse de novo de protéines et dépourvus de tout type de transport intracellulaire. Aussi, pour sa survie, le parasite doit-il développer non seulement son propre transport vésiculaire, mais aussi un système membranaire qui lui permet de transporter les substances, dont les antigènes variants, jusqu’à la surface de l’érythrocyte. Quoique semblables au transport vésiculaire des mammifères dans leur régulation par les Rab GTPases, les systèmes membranaires développés par le parasite lui sont spécifiques et occupent même le cytosol de l’érythrocyte. La contribution des Rab codées par le parasite dans ce réseau sécrétoire élaboré est examinée dans cet article.
Summary
To survive within erythrocytes, Plasmodium parasites have to put into place different membrane and sub-cellular compartments in order to import different nutrients and to export proteins/antigens. Infected cells pose not only a major world health risk by killing two million people per year, but also a very interesting cell biology problem, as within the erythrocyte the parasite resides inside a vacuole called the parasitophorous vacuole and as a consequence, it is separated from the blood stream by three membrane barriers, its own plasma membrane, the parasitophorous vacuole membrane and the erythrocyte plasma membrane. In spite of these three barriers the parasite is capable of secreting antigens and importing nutrients, and to do this, it has developed a complex vesicular system that extends into the red blood cell cytoplasm to the plasma membrane. Understanding how the parasite controls this extensive vesicular traffic has driven research into Plasmodium Rabs, whose potential role is discussed.
Parties annexes
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