Résumés
Résumé
L’objectif de cette recherche est d’investiguer la relation entre l’innovation et le degré d’internationalisation des PME familiales. Sur la base d’un échantillon de 247 PME familiales belges, les résultats obtenus au travers de la modélisation par équations structurelles démontrent que l’innovation est positivement liée au degré d’internationalisation. Il apparaît également que des niveaux modérés ou élevés d’implication non familiale dans l’équipe dirigeante atténuent la relation positive entre l’innovation et le degré d’internationalisation. En revanche, ce lien positif est accentué lorsque que la deuxième génération et les générations suivantes sont aux commandes de l’entreprise.
Mots-clés :
- PME familiale,
- internationalisation,
- innovation,
- familiarisme,
- génération
Abstract
The main purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between innovation and the degree of internationalization of family SMEs. Based on a sample of 247 Belgian family SMEs, the results from the structural equation modelling analysis show that innovation is positively related to the degree of internationalization. It also appears that moderate to high levels of nonfamily involvement in the top management team attenuate this positive relationship. In contrast, the positive relationship between innovation and the degree of internationalization is accentuated when second or later generations are in charge of the company.
Keywords:
- Family SMEs,
- Internationalization,
- Innovation,
- familiness,
- generation
Resumen
Este estudio analiza la relación entre la innovación y el grado de internacionalización de las Pymes familiares. Basados en una muestra de 247 Pymes familiares belgas, los resultados del análisis del modelo de ecuaciones estructurales muestran que la innovación está relacionada positivamente con el grado de internacionalización. También se encontró que los niveles moderados a altos de participación no familiar en el equipo de alta dirección atenúan esta relación positiva. Por otra parte, la relación positiva entre la innovación y el grado de internacionalización se acentúa cuando las segundas generaciones, o las posteriores, están a cargo de la empresa.
Palabras clave:
- Pymes familiares,
- internacionalización,
- innovación,
- familiaridad,
- generación
Parties annexes
Bibliographie
- Alayo, Mikel; Maseda, Amaia; Iturralde, Txomin; Arzubiaga, Unai. (2019). « Internationalization and entrepreneurial orientation of family SMEs : The influence of the family character », International Business Review, Vol. 28, N° 1, p. 48-59.
- Alessandri, Todd M.; Cerrato, Daniele; Eddleston, Kimberly A. (2018). « The mixed gamble of internationalization in family and nonfamily firms : The moderating role of organizational slack », Global Strategy Journal, Vol.8, N° 1, p. 46-72.
- Arzubiaga, Unai; Maseda, Amaia; Iturralde, Txomin (2019). « Exploratory and exploitative innovation in family businesses : The moderating role of the family firm image and family involvement in top management », Review of Managerial Science, Vol. 13, N° 1, p. 1-31.
- Barney, Jay B. (1991). « Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage », Journal of Management, Vol. 17, N° 1, p. 99-120.
- Becerra, Manuel; Cruz, Cristina; Graves, Chris (2020). « Innovation in Family Firms : The Relative Effects of Wealth Concentration versus Family-Centered Goals », Family Business Review, Vol. 33, N° 4, p. 372-392.
- Blanco-Mazagatos, Virginia; de Quevedo-Puente, Esther; Delgado-García, Juan Bautista (2018). « Human resource practices and organizational human capital in the family firm : The effect of generational stage », Journal of Business Research, Vol. 84, p. 337-348.
- Berrone, Pascual; Cruz, Cristina; Gómez-Mejía, Luis R. (2012). « Socioemotional wealth in family firms : Theoretical dimensions, assessment approaches, and agenda for future research », Family Business Review, Vol. 25, N° 3, p. 258-279.
- Binacci, Martina; Peruffo, Enzo; Oriani, Raffaele; Minichilli, Alessandro (2016). « Are all non-family managers (NFMs) equal ? The impact of NFM characteristics and diversity on family firm performance”, Corporate Governance : An International Review, Vol. 24, N° 6, p. 569–583.
- Calabrò, Andrea; Brogi, Marina; Torchia, Mariateresa (2016). « What does really matter in the internationalization of small and medium-sized family businesses ? », Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 54, N° 2, p. 679-696.
- Calabrò, Andrea; Vecchiarini, Mariangela; Gast, Johanna; Campopiano, Giovanna; De Massis, Alfredo; Kraus, Sascha (2019). « Innovation in family firms : A systematic literature review and guidance for future research », International Journal of Management Reviews, Vol. 21, N° 3, p. 317-355.
- Chrisman, James J.; Memili, Esra; Misra, Kaustav (2014). « Nonfamily managers, family firms, and the winner’s curse : The influence of noneconomic goals and bounded rationality », Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 38, N° 5, p. 1-25.
- Cirillo, Alessandro; Ossorio, Mario; Pennacchio, Luca (2019). « Family ownership and R&D investment : the moderating role of banks and private equity », Management Decision, Vol. 57 N° 7, p. 1675-1694.
- Crutzen, Nathalie; Pirnay, Fabrice (2014). L’impact de la crise sur la transmission dans les entreprises familiales en Belgique francophone. Liège
- D’Angelo, Alfredo; Majocchi, Antonio; Buck, Trevor (2016). « External managers, family ownership and the scope of SME internationalization », Journal of World Business, Vol. 51, N° 4, p. 534-547.
- Daspit, Josh J.; Chrisman, James J.; Sharma, Pramodita; Pearson, Allison W.; Mahto, Raj V. (2018). « Governance as a Source of Family Firm Heterogeneity », Journal of Business Research, Vol. 84, p. 93-100.
- De Massis, Alfredo; Frattini, Federico; Majocchi, Antonio; Piscitello, Lucia (2018). « Family firms in the global economy : Toward a deeper understanding of internationalization determinants, processes, and outcomes », Global Strategy Journal, Vol. 8, N° 1, p. 3-21.
- Fang, Hanqing; Kotlar, Josip; Memili, Esra; Chrisman, James J.; De Massis, Alfredo (2018). « The pursuit of international opportunities in family firms : Generational differences and the role of knowledge-based resources », Global Strategy Journal, Vol. 8, N° 1, p. 136-157.
- Fornell, Claes; Larcker, David F. (1981). « Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error : Algebra and statistics », Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 18, N° 3, p. 382-388.
- Frank, Hermann; Kessler, Alexander; Rusch, Thomas; Suess—Reyes, Julia; Weismeier—Sammer, Daniela (2017). « Capturing the familiness of family businesses : Development of the family influence familiness scale (FIFS) », Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 41, N° 5, p. 709-742.
- Freixanet, Joan; Rialp, Alex; Churakova, Iya (2020). « How do innovation, internationalization, and organizational learning interact a co-evolve in small firms ? A complex system approach”, Journal of Small Business Management, DOI : 10.1111/jsbm.12510.
- Gómez-Mejía, Luis R.; Haynes, Katalin T.; Núñez-Nickel, Manuel; Jacobson, Kathyrn J. L.; Moyano-Fuentes, José (2007). « Socioemotional wealth and business risk in family-controlled firms : Evidence from Spanish olive oil mills », Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 52, N° 1, p. 106-137.
- Habbershon, Timothy G.; Williams, Mary L. (1999). « A resource-based framework for assessing the strategic advantages of family firms », Family Business Review, Vol. 12, N° 1, p. 1-25,
- Hair, Joseph F.; Hult, G. Tomas M.; Ringle, Christian M.; Sarstedt, Marko (2014). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage, 384 p.
- Hayes, Andrew F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis : A regression-based approach, New York, NY : Guilford Press, 507 p.
- He, Zi-Lin; Wong, Poh-Kam. (2004). « Exploratory versus exploitation : an empirical test of the ambidexterity hypothesis », Organization Science, Vol. 15, N° 4, p. 481-494.
- Hennart, Jean-François; Majocchi, Antonio; Forlani, Emanuele (2019). « The myth of the stay-at-home family firm : How family-managed SMEs can overcome their internationalization limitations », Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 50, N° 5, p. 758-782.
- Kellermanns, Franz W.; Eddleston, Kimberly A.; Sarathy, Ravi, Murphy, Fran (2012). « Innovativeness in family firms : A family influence perspective », Small Business Economics, Vol. 38, N° 1, p. 85-101.
- Kortmann, Sebastian (2015). « The mediating role of strategic orientations on the relationship between ambidexterity-oriented decisions and innovative ambidexterity », Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 32, N° 5, p. 666-684.
- Lau, Dora C.; Murnighan, J. Keith (1998). « Demographic diversity and faultlines : The compositional dynamics of organizational groups », Academy of Management Review, Vol. 23, N° 2, p. 325-340.
- Lin, Wen-Ting; Wang, Linda C. (2019). “Family firms, R&D, and internationalization : The stewardship and socio-emotional wealth perspectives”, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, DOI : 10.1007/s10490-018-9636-2.
- Organisation Mondiale du Commerce (2018). World Trade Statistical Review 2018. Geneva, SZ : World Trade Organization.
- Pukall, Thilo; Calabrò, Andrea (2014). « The internationalization of family firms : A critical review and integrative model », Family Business Review, Vol. 27, N° 2, p. 103-125.
- Roffia, Paolo; Moracchiato, Stephania; Liguori, Eric; Kraus, Sascha (2021). “Operationally defining family SMEs : a critical review”, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-11-2020-0399.
- Saridakis, George; Idris, Bochra; Hansen, Jared M.; Dana, Leo P. (2019). “SMEs’ internationalisation : When does innovation matter ?”, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 96, p. 250–263.
- Schier, Guillaume (2014). « Entreprises familiales et Innovation », Gestion 2000, Vol. 31, N° 5, p. 123-138.
- Sciascia, Salvatore; Mazzola, Pietro; Kellermanns, Franz W. (2014). « Family management and profitability in private family-owned firms : introducing generational stage and the socioemotional wealth perspective », Journal of Family Business Strategy, Vol. 5, N° 2, p. 131-137.
- Sharma, Pramodita; Irving, P. Gregory (2005). « Four bases of family business successor commitment : Antecedents and consequences », Entrepreneurship theory and practice, Vol. 29, N° 1, p. 13-33.
- Stieg, Philipp; Hiebl, Martin R. W.; Kraus, Sascha; Schüssler, Felix; Sattler, Sven (2017). « Born-again globals : Generational change and family business internationalization », European Journal of International Management, Vol. 11, N° 5, p. 581-605.
- Vandekerkhof, Pieter; Steijvers, Tensie; Hendriks, Walter; Voordeckers, Wim (2019). « The effect of nonfamily managers on decision-making quality in family firm TMTs : The role of intra-TMT power asymmetries », Journal of Family Business Strategy, Vol. 10, N° 3, DOI : 10.1016/j.jfbs.2019.01.002.