Résumés
Resumen
Los procesos de internacionalización son complejos: entre empresa y mercado de destino se yerguen barreras recurrentemente tratadas por la literatura sobre internacionalización. El artículo propone un nuevo esquema de análisis de barreras que integra la empresa, el mercado de origen y el mercado de destino. La investigación se sustenta en 225 entrevistas de PYMES latinoamericanas y propone el “modelo de los tres cercos”. Este contribuye a una comprensión fina de las barreras que enfrentan las PYMES en sus procesos de internacionalización, permite un diagnóstico integral de sus fragilidades y facilita el diseño de estrategias correctivas en los tres niveles implicados.
Palabras clave:
- Internacionalización,
- PYMES,
- barreras,
- percepciones,
- políticas de apoyo a la internacionalización,
- América Latina,
- Europa
Résumé
Les processus d’internationalisation sont complexes car, entre l’entreprise et son marché cible, se hissent des barrières largement abordées dans la littérature sur l’internationalisation. L’article propose un nouveau schéma d’analyse des barrières intégrant l’entreprise, son marché d’origine et son marché de destination. La recherche s’appuie sur 225 interviews de PME latino-américaines et débouche sur le « modèle des trois cercles ». Il contribue à une compréhension plus fine des barrières à surmonter par les PME dans leurs processus d’internationalisation, il permet un diagnostic intégral de leurs fragilités et facilite la mise en place de stratégies correctives dans les trois niveaux concernés.
Mots-clés :
- Internationalisation,
- PME,
- barrières,
- perceptions,
- politiques d’appui à l’internationalisation,
- Amérique latine,
- Europe
Abstract
The processes of internationalization are complex: between the company and the target market there are barriers widely discussed in the literature on internationalization. The article proposes a new scheme of barrier analysis that integrates the company, the market of origin and the market of destination. The research is based on 225 interviews with Latin American SMEs and proposes the “three fences model”. This contributes to a fine understanding of the barriers faced by SMEs in their internationalization processes, allows a comprehensive diagnosis of their fragilities and facilitates the design of corrective strategies at the three levels involved.
Keywords:
- Internationalization,
- SMEs,
- barriers,
- perceptions,
- support policies for internationalization,
- Latin America,
- Europe
Parties annexes
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