Résumés
Abstract
Nursing has employed distance education for decades. In the 21st century, distance programs have often been delivered online. This became even more prevalent since the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the preponderance of online nursing courses, the delivery of courses virtually does not necessarily mean that these offerings are intentionally developed online education. We discuss a secondary analysis of data examining the formation of online nursing programs at Athabasca University. This historical inquiry used interpretive description of the pedagogy, both learning strategies and the theories that substantiate the strategies, using thematic analysis. Participants discussed their theoretical substantiation of online education. We posit that online nursing education involves a purposeful pedagogy including theoretical bases and would benefit from a strong sense of mission behind the course delivery. Findings from this study may apply to online programs, irrespective of profession or discipline.
Keywords:
- nursing education,
- online delivery,
- pedagogy,
- post-licensure programs
Parties annexes
Bibliography
- Abuatiq, A., Fike, G., Davis, C., Boren, D., & Menke, R. (2017). E-learning in nursing: Literature review. International Journal of Nursing Education, 9(2), 81–86. https://ijone.org/
- Anderson, T., Rourke, L., Garrison, D. R., & Archer, W. (2001). Assessing teaching presence in a computer conferencing context. Journal of the Asynchronous Learning Network, 5(2), 1–17. https://auspace.athabascau.ca/bitstream/handle/2149/725/assessing_teaching_presence.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
- Athabasca University. (2023). Mission and mandate. https://www.athabascau.ca/aboutau/misson-and-mandate.html#:~:text=Our%20mission,opportunities%20for%20adult%20learners%20worldwide
- Aydemir, M., Ozkeskin, E. E., & Akkurt, A. (2015). A theoretical framework on open and distance learning. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 1750–1757. http://dx.doi.org/10.24059/olj.v5i2.1875
- Baruth, O., Gabbay, H., Cohen, A., Bronshtein, A., & Ezra, O. (2021). Distance learning perspectives during the coronavirus outbreak: Freshman versus more advanced students. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 37, 1666–1681. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12612
- Billings, D. (2007). Optimizing distance education in nursing. Journal of Nursing Education, 46(6), 247–248. https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20070601-01
- Bowser, A., Kazakoff, M., Scott, P., & Dunbar-Jacob, J. (2022). Nursing students’ dissatisfaction with course organization and student engagement in remote learning 1 year post-COVID-19 restrictions. Nurse Educator, 47(3), E68–E72. https://doi.org/10.1097%2FNNE.0000000000001175
- Bramer, C. (2020). Preregistration adult nursing students’ experiences of online learning: A qualitative study. British Journal of Nursing, 29(12), 678–683.
- Brown, J. (2019). What is pedagogy? And why it’s important for teachers to consider. https://medium.com/educate-pub/what-is-pedagogy-5b2381222418
- Buckley, K. (2003). Evaluation of classroom-based, Web-enhanced, and Web-based distance learning nutrition courses for undergraduate nursing. Journal of Nursing Education, 42(8), 367–370. https://doi.org/10.3928/0148-4834-20030801-09
- Camacho, A., Feliciano, G., & Leite, B. (2016). Tutoring in nursing through distance education: A reflective approach. Journal of Nursing: UFPE Online, 10(4), 3862–3867. https://doi.org/10.5205/reuol.9681-89824-1-ED.1004sup201621
- Christopher, R., de Tantillo, L., & Watson, J. (2020). Academic caring pedagogy, presence, and Communitas in nursing education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nursing Outlook, 68(6), 822–829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2020.08.006
- Cobb, S. (2011). Social presence, satisfaction, and perceived learning of RN-to-BSN students in Web-based nursing courses. Nursing Education Perspectives, 32(2), 115–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.5480/1536-5026-32.2.115
- Edwards, M., Perry, B., & Janzen, K. (2011). The making of an exemplary online educator. Distance Education, 32(1), 101–118. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2011.565499
- Esani, M. (2010). Moving from face-to-face to online teaching. Clinical Laboratory Science, 23(3), 187–190. http://dx.doi.org/10.29074/ascls.23.3.187
- Evans, S., Knight, T., Walker, A., & Sutherland-Smith, W. (2020). Facilitators’ teaching and social presence in online asynchronous interprofessional education. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 34(4), 435–443. https://doi.org/10.1080/13561820.2019.1622517
- Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T., & Archer, W. (2000). Critical inquiry in a text-based environment: Computer conferencing in higher education model. The Internet and Higher Education, 2(2–3), 87–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1096-7516(00)00016-6
- Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T., & Archer, W. (2001). Critical thinking, cognitive presence, and computer conferencing in distance education. American Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), 7–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923640109527071
- Georgsson, M. (2019). Uses and advantages of e-learning and distance pedagogy in nursing informatics education. Online Journal of Nursing Informatics, 23(2), 1. http://www.himss.org/ojni
- Harlan, M., Rosenzweig, M., & Hoffmann, R. (2021). Preferred teaching/learning strategies for graduate nursing students in Web-enhanced courses. Dimensions of Critical Care, 40(3), 149–155. https://www.doi.org/10.1097/dcc.0000000000000469
- Hart, L., & Morgan, L. (2010). Academic integrity in an online Registered Nurse to Baccalaureate in nursing program. Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 41(11), 498–505. https://doi.org/10.3928/00220124-20100701-03
- Howe, D., Heitner, K., Dozier, A., & Silas, S. (2021). Health professions faculty experiences teaching online during the COVID-19 pandemic. The ABNF Journal, 32(1), 6–11.
- Hu, Y., Ow Yong, J., Chng, M-L., Li, Z., & Goh, Y-S. (2022). Exploring undergraduate nursing students’ experiences towards home-based learning as pedagogy during the COVID-19 pandemic: A descriptive qualitative exploration. BMC Nursing, 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-021-00788-9
- Hunter, J., & Krantz, S. (2010). Constructivism in cultural competence education. Journal of Nursing Education, 49(4), 207–214. https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20100115-06
- Iheduru-Anderson, K. (2021). Students’ perspectives of factors related to delayed completion of online RN-BSN programs. BMC Nursing, 20(53). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-021-00574-7
- Ives, C., & Walsh, P. (2021). Perspectives of Canadian educators on the move to online learning. Canadian Journal of Higher Education, 51(1), 28–40. https://doi.org/10.47678/cjhe.vi0.188971
- Johnson, A. (2008). A nursing faculty’s transition to teaching online. Nursing Education Perspectives, 29(1), 17–22. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18330417/
- Jones, D., & Wolf, D. (2010). Shaping the future of nursing education today using distant education and technology. The ABNF Journal, 21(2), 44–47.
- Knowles, M. (1984). Andragogy in action. Jossey-Bass.
- Legg, J., Adelman, D., Mueller, D., & Levitt, C. (2009). Constructivist strategies in online distance education in nursing. Journal of Nursing Education, 48(2), 64–69. https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20090201-08
- Manakatt, B., Carson, Z., Penton, R., & Demello, A. (2021). Virtual learning experiences in population health nursing course during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Nursing Review, 68, 577–562. https://doi.org/10.1111%2Finr.12725
- Matlakala, M., Greef, W., Mgutshini, T., & Chetty, D. (2019). Use of the semester system in undergraduate programmes for open distance education. Africa Journal of Nursing & Midwifery, 21(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.25159/2520-5293/4802
- Melrose, S., Park, C., & Perry, B. (2013). Teaching health professionals online: Frameworks and strategies. AU Press. https://doi.org/10.15215/aupress/9781927356654.01
- Nadeau, M-C., Bilodeau, K., & Daoust, L. (2020). Using Web-based training to optimize pediatric palliative care knowledge transfer. Canadian Oncology Nursing Journal, 30(1), 31–37. https://doi.org/10.5737/236880763013137
- Nikpeyma, N., Zolfaghari, M., & Mohammadi, A. (2021). Barriers and facilitators of using mobile devices as an educational tool by nursing students: A qualitative study. BMC Nursing, 20, Article 226. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-021-00750-9
- Oducado, R., & Soriano, G. (2021). Shifting the education paradigm amid the COVID-19 pandemic: Nursing students’ attitude to e-learning. Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.25159/2520-5293/8090
- Peck, B., Smith, A., Terry, D., & Porter, J. (2021). Self-regulation for and of learning; Student insights for online success in a Bachelor of Nursing program in regional Australia. Nursing Reports, 11, 364–372. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep11020035
- Plowman, E., Anderson, J., & Douglas, J. (2017). Adapting online learning to overcome disadvantage in rural Australia. Australian Nursing & Midwifery Journal, 25(2), 38. https://www.proquest.com/openview/15a801e9bb1976c0195509320baeb807/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=33490
- Porter, J., Barbagallo, M., Peck, B., Allen, L., Tanti, E., & Churchill, A. (2020). The academic experiences of transitioning to blended online and digital nursing curriculum. Nurse Education Today, 87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104361
- Richter, S., & Schuessler, S. (2019). Nursing faculty experiences and perceptions of online teaching: A descriptive study. Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 14(1), 26–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104361
- Riley, K., & Schmidt, D. (2016). Does online nursing click with rural nurses: A qualitative study. The Australian Journal of Rural Health, 24, 265–270. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajr.12263
- Ryan, M., Hodson-Carlton, K., & Ali, N. (2004). Reflections on the role of faculty in distance learning and changing pedagogies. Nursing Education Perspectives, 25(2), 73–80.
- Ryan, M., Hodson-Carleton, K., & Ali, N. (2005). A model for teaching online: Confirmation of a dimensional matrix. Journal of Nursing Education, 44(8), 357–365. https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20050801-06
- Shovein, J., Huston, C., Fox, S., & Damazo, R. (2005). Challenging traditional teaching and learning paradigms: Online learning and emancipatory teaching. Nursing Education Perspectives, 26(6), 340–343.
- Shuster, G., Learn, C., & Duncan, R. (2003). A strategy involving on-campus and distance students in a nursing research course. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 34(3), 108–115. https://doi.org/10.3928/0022-0124-20030501-06
- Smadi, O., Chamberlain, D., Shifaza, F., & Hamiduzzaman, M. (2021). Fast and furious shift to online education requires pedagogy transformation. Australian Nursing & Midwifery Journal, 27(5), 47.
- Smith, S., & Kennedy, S. (2020). Authentic teaching to promote active learning: Redesign of an online RN to BSN evidence-based practice nursing course. Journal of Professional Nursing, 36(2), 56–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2019.07.005
- Sword, T. (2012). The transition to online teaching as experienced by nurse educators. Nurse Education Perspectives, 33(4), 269–271.
- Talbert, J. (2009). Distance education: One solution to the nursing shortage? Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 13(3), 269–270.DOI: 10.1188/09.CJON.269-270
- TeachThought. (2022). What is remote learning? https://www.teachthought.com/learning/what-is-remote-learning/
- Thorne, S. (2016). Interpretive description: Qualitative research for applied practice (2nd ed.). Routledge.
- Tiedt, J., Owens, J., & Boysen, S. (2021). The effect on online course duration on graduate nurse educator student engagement in the community of inquiry. Nurse Education in Practice, 55, 103164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2021.103164
- Uprichard, K. (2020). E-learning in a new era: Enablers and barriers to its implementation. British Journal of Community Nursing, 25(6), 272–275. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2020.25.6.272
- Vuttanon, N., Meechamnan, C., Srirat, C., & Rattanakanlya, K. (2022). Comparing effectiveness of online and in-class learning in a nursing course during COVID 19. International Journal of Nursing Education, 14(1), 119–127. https://doi.org/10.37506/ijone.v14i1.17765
- Wang, V., & Kania-Gosche, B. (2011). Online instructors: Andragogical or pedagogical teaching? International Journal of Adult Vocational Education and Technology, 2(3), 12–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/javet.2011070102
- Wang, T., & Huang, K. (2018). Pedagogy, philosophy, and the question of creativity. Teaching in Higher Education, 23(2), 261–273. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2017.1379479
- Winstead, S. (2022). What is virtual learning and how does it work? The ultimate guide. https://myelearningworld.com/how-does-virtual-learning-work/
- Woo, K. (2019). Polit & Beck Canadian essentials of nursing research (4th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
- World Health Organization (2022). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid- 19/novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov
- Zucker, D., & Asselin, M. (2003). Migrating to the Web: The transformation of a traditional RN to BS program. The Journal of Continuing Education, 34(2), 86–89.