Résumés
Abstract
This article elucidates the reconstruction of the Soviet security apparatus during World War II in what today is western Ukraine. In late 1943 to early 1944, six operational groups of the People’s Commissariat of State Security of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic headed to the Axis occupied territories with orders to re-establish contacts with Soviet secret agents and create a support infrastructure for the deployment of other operational groups, special purposes units, and individual agents, as well as to infiltrate organizations of Polish and Ukrainian nationalists. The essay examines Soviet special operations within the context of state efforts to project power into the Axis occupied territories. It sheds light on the objectives of Soviet security agencies and on the activities of individual units in the field.
Keywords:
- World War II,
- security,
- nationalism,
- Soviet Union,
- Ukraine
Parties annexes
Bibliography
- Adamushko, Vladimir, et al., editors. Khatyn'. Tragediia i pamiat': Dokumenty i materialy. NARB, 2009.
- Anderson, Truman. “Incident at Baranivka: German Reprisals and the Soviet Partisan Movement in Ukraine, October–December 1941.” Journal of Modern History, vol. 71, no. 2, 1999, pp. 585–623. DOI: 10.1086/235290.
- Armstrong, John, editor. Soviet Partisans in WWII. Wisconsin UP, 1964.
- Bartov, Omer. Anatomy of a Genocide: The Life and Death of a Town Called Buczacz. Simon and Schuster, 2018.
- Bazhan, Ol'ga, et al., editors. Partizanskaia voina na Ukraine. Dnevniki komandirov partizanskikh otriadov i soedinenii. 1941–1944. Tsentrpoligraf, 2010.
- Berkhoff, Karel. Harvest of Despair: Life and Death in Ukraine under Nazi Rule. The Belknap Press of Harvard UP, 2004.
- Bruder, Franziska. “Den ukrainischen Staat erkämpfen oder sterben!”: Die Organisation Ukrainischer Nationalisten (OUN), 1929–1948. Metropol Verlag, 2007.
- Burds, Jeffrey. Sovetskaia agentura. Ocherki istorii SSSR v poslevoennye gody (1944–1948). Sovremennaia istoriia, 2006.
- Burds, Jeffrey. “‘Turncoats, Traitors and Provocateurs’: Communist Collaborators, the German Occupation, and Stalin’s NKVD, 1941–1943.” East European Politics and Societies, vol. 32, no. 3, 2017, pp. 606–38. DOI: 10.1177/0888325417742468
- Butko, Serhii, and Oleksandr Lysenko, editors. Spaleni sela i selyshcha Chernihivshchyny v 1941–1943 rr. Zlochyny proty tsyvil'noho naselennia. Zbirnyk dokumentiv i materialiv. Vydavnytstvo “Desna Polihraf,” 2013.
- Cerovic, Masha. “’Au chien, une mort de chien:’ Les partisans face aux ‘traîtres à la Patrie.’” Cahiers du monde russe, vol. 49, nos. 2–3, 2008, pp. 239–62. DOI: 10.4000/monderusse.9128
- Chernobaev, A., et al., editors. Na prieme u Stalina. Tetradi (zhurnaly) zapisei lits, priniatykh I. V. Stalinym (1924–1953 gg.). Novyi khronograf, 2008.
- Danylenko, Vasyl', and Serhii Kokin, editors. Radians'ki orhany derzhavnoi bezpeky u 1939–1941 r. Dokumenty HDA SB Ukrainy. Kyievo-Mohylians'ka akademiia, 2009.
- Dean, Martin. Collaboration in the Holocaust: Crimes of the Local Police in Belorussia and Ukraine, 1941–1944. Palgrave MacMillan, 2019.
- Dz'obak, Volodymyr. Taras Bul'ba-Borovets' ta ioho viis'kovi pidrozdily v ukrains'komu rusi oporu (1941–1944rr.). Instytut istoriï Ukraïny NANU, 2002.
- Ermolov, Igor'. Russkoe gosudarstvo v nemetskom tylu. Istoriia Lokotskogo samoupravleniia. 1941–1943. Tsentrpoligraf, 2009.
- Glebov, Veniamin. Voina bez pravil. Predannyi rezident. Eksmo, 2005.
- Gogun, Aleksandr, and Anatolii Kentii. “…Sozdavat' nevynosimye usloviia dlia vraga i vsekh ego posobnikov…”: Krasnye partizany Ukrainy, 1941–1944. Maloizuchennye stranitsy istorii. Dokumenty i materialy. Ukrainskii izdatel'skii soiuz, 2006.
- Gross, Jan T. Revolution from Abroad: The Soviet Conquest of Poland’s Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia. Princeton UP, 1988.
- Himka, John-Paul. Ukrainian Nationalists and the Holocaust: OUN and UPA’s Participation in the Destruction of Ukrainian Jewry, 1941–1944. Ibidem Verlag, 2021.
- Hoffmann, Joachim. Die Ostlegionen 1941–1943. Turkotataren, Kaukasier und Wolgafinne im deutschen Heer. Verlag Rombach, 1986.
- Il'iushyn, Ihor. Volyns'ka trahediia 1943–1944 rr. Instytut istoriï Ukraïny NANU, 2004.
- Kalyvas, Stathis. The Logic of Violence in the Civil War. Cambridge UP, 2006.
- Kapranov, Dmitrii. Interview by S. Smoliakov. Ia pomniu, 19 May 2014, https://iremember.ru/memoirs/nkvd-i-smersh/kapranov-dmitriy-fedorovich. Accessed 5 Jan. 2022.
- Katchanovski, Ivan. “OUNb ta natsysts'ki masovi vbyvstva vlitku 1941 roku na istorychnii Volyni.” Ukraina Moderna, vol. 20, 2013, pp. 215–44.
- Kay, Alex J., et al., editors. Nazi Policy on the Eastern Front, 1941: Total War, Genocide and Radicalization. Rochester UP, 2012.
- Kentii, Anatolii, and Volodymyr Lozyts'kyi. Viina bez poshchady i myloserdia: Partyzans'kyi front u tylu Vermakhtu v Ukraini (1941–1944). Heneza, 2005.
- Kirillova, Natal'ia, et al., editors. Sozhzhennye derevni Rossii, 1941–1944: Dokumenty i materialy. Istoricheskaia pamiat', 2017.
- Kokin, Serhii, editor. Mytropolyt Andrei Sheptyts'kyi u dokumentakh radians'kykh orhaniv derzhavnoi bezpeky, 1939–1944 rr. Ukrains'ka vydavnycha spilka, 2005.
- Koval'chuk, Volodymyr. Litopys UPA, nova seriia. Vol. 11: Merezha OUN(b) i zapillia UPA na terytorii VO “Zahrava,” “Turiv,” “Bohun” (serpen' 1942–hruden' 1943 rr.). Dokumenty. Litopys UPA, 2007.
- Lower, Wendy. Nazi Empire-Building and the Holocaust in Ukraine. North Carolina UP, 2005.
- Lozyts'kyi, Volodymyr. Politbiuro TsK Kompartii Ukrainy: Istoriia, osoby, stosunky, 1918–1991. Heneza, 2005.
- Lozyts'kyi, Volodymyr, et al., editors. Ukraïna partyzans'ka. 1941–1945 rr. Partyzans'ki formuvannia ta orhany kerivnytstva nymy: Naukovo-dovidkove vydannia. Parlaments'ke vydavnytstvo, 2001.
- Mel'nik, Aleksandr (Oleksandr Melnyk). “Rezidentura ‘Maksim’: Sovetskaia razvedyvatel'naia deiatel'nost' v okkupirovannom Kieve. Istoriia i pamiat'. Chast' 1.” Historians.in.ua, 5 Sept. 2020, http://www.historians.in.ua/index.php/en/istoriya-i-pamyat-vazhki-pitannya/2791-aleksandr-melnik-rezidentura-maksim-sovetskaya-razvedyvatelnaya-deyatelnost-v-okkupirovannom-kieve-istoriya-i-pamyat-chast-1. Accessed 26 Jan. 2022.
- Mel'nik, Aleksandr (Oleksandr Melnyk). “Rezidentura ‘Maksim’: Sovetskaia razvedyvatel'naia deiatel'nost' v okkupirovannom Kieve. Istoriia i pamiat'. Chast' 2.” Historians.in.ua, 20 Oct. 2020, http://www.historians.in.ua/index.php/en/istoriya-i-pamyat-vazhki-pitannya/2803-aleksandr-melnik-rezidentura-maksim-sovetskaya-razvedyvatelnaya-deyatelnost-v-okkupirovannom-kieve-istoriya-i-pamyat-chast-2. Accessed 26 Jan. 2022.
- Motyka, Grzegorz. Ukraińska partyzantka 1942–1960: działalność Organizacji Ukraińskich Nacjonalistów i Ukraińskiej Powstańczej Armii. RYTM, 2006.
- Patryliak, Ivan. Viis'kova diial'nist' OUNb u 1940–1942 rokakh. Instytut istoriï Ukraïny NANU, 2002.
- Pohl, Dieter. Nationalsozialistische Judenverfolgung in Ostgalizien 1941–1944. Oldenbourg Verlag, 1997.
- Popov, Aleksei. NKVD i partizanskoe dvizhenie. Fakty i dokumenty. Olma-Press, 2003.
- Prusin, Alexander. “‘Fascist Criminals to the Gallows!’: The Holocaust and Soviet War Crimes Trials, December 1945–February 1946.” Holocaust and Genocide Studies, vol. 17, no. 1, 2003, pp. 1–30. DOI: 10.1093/hgs/17.1.1
- Radchenko, Yuri. “The Biography of the OUN(m) Activist Oleksa Babii in the Light of His ‘Memoirs on Escaping the Execution’ (1942).” Journal of Soviet and Post-Soviet Politics and Societies, vol. 6, no. 1, 2020, pp. 237–76.
- Rossolinski-Liebe, Grzegorz. Stepan Bandera: The Life and Afterlife of a Ukrainian Nationalist, Fascism, Genocide and Cult. Ibidem-Verlag, 2014.
- Rudling, Per Anders. “The Khatyn' Massacre in Belorussia: A Historical Controversy Revisited.” Holocaust and Genocide Studies, vol. 26, no. 1, 2012, pp. 29–58. DOI: 10.1093/hgs/dcs011
- Rudling, Per Anders. “Rehearsal for Volhynia: Schutzmannschaft Batallion 201 and Hauptmann Roman Shukhevych in Occupied Belorussia, 1942.” East European Politics and Societies, vol. 20, no. 10, 2019, pp. 1–36. DOI: 10.1177/0888325419844817
- Serhiichuk, Volodymyr, editor. Likvidatsiia UGKTs (1939–1946). Dokumenty radians'kykh orhaniv derzhavnoi bezpeky. PP Serhiichuk, 2006. 2 vols.
- Shapoval, Iurii, and Vadym Zolotar'ov. Vsevolod Balyts'kyi: osoba, chas, otochennia. Stylos, 2002.
- Shepherd, Ben. The War in the Wild East: The German Army and Soviet Partisans. Harvard UP, 2004.
- Shepherd, Ben, and Juliette Pattinson, editors. War in a Twilight World: Partisan and Anti-Partisan Warfare in Eastern Europe, 1939–1945. Palgrave MacMillan, 2010.
- Skorobohatov, Anatolii. Kharkiv u chasy nimets'koi okupatsii (1941–1943). Prapor, 2004.
- Skrypnyk, Oleksandr. “Na taiemnomu fronti Druhoi Svitovoi.” Sluzhba zovnishn'oi rozvidky Ukrainy, 4 May 2014, https://szru.gov.ua/history/stories/na-taiemnomu-fronti-druhoi-svitovoi. Accessed 26 Jan. 2022.
- Slepyan, Kenneth. Stalin’s Guerillas: Soviet Partisans in WWII. Kansas UP, 2006.
- Snyder, Timothy. Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin. Random House, 2011.
- Snyder, Timothy. The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus. Yale UP, 2003.
- Statiev, Alexander. The Soviet Counter-Insurgency in the Western Borderlands. Cambridge UP, 2010.
- Struve, Kai. Deutsche Herrschaft, ukrainischer Nationalismus, antijüdische Gewalt: Der Sommer 1941 in der Westukraine. De Gruyter Oldenbourg, 2015.
- Sudoplatov, Pavel. Razvedka i Kreml'. TOO “Geia,” 1996.
- Tessin, Georg, and Norbert Kannapin, editors. Waffen-SS und Ordnungspolizei im Kriegseinsatz 1939–1945. Biblio Verlag, 2000.
- Tsarevskaia-Diakina, Tat'iana, editor. Ukrainskie natsionalisticheskie organizatsii v gody Vtoroi mirovoi voiny. Vol. 1: 1939–1943; Vol. 2: 1944–1945, RGASPI, 2012.
- Vedeneev, Dmitrii, et al. Razvedka Sudoplatova. Zafrontovaia diversionnaia rabota NKVD-NKGB v 1941–1945 gg. TD Algoritm, 2015.
- Vershigora, Petr, and Vladimir Zebolov. Partizanskie reidy (iz istorii partizanskogo dvizheniia v gody Velikoi otechestvennoi voiny Sovetskogo Soiuza 1941–1945). Izdatel'stvo “Shtiintsa” Akademii nauk Moldavskoi SSR, 1962.
- Viedienieiev, Dmytro. “Rozviduval'no-dyversiina ta kontrrozviduval'na diial'nist' orhaniv derzhavnoi bezpeky za liniieiu frontu v 1941–1945rr. (“Za dokumentamy NKVS-NKDB Ukraïns'koï SRSR.” Z arkhiviv VUChK-GPU-NKVD-KGB, no. 2, 2014, pp. 291–352.
- Viedienieiev, Dmytro, and Hennadii Bystrukhin. Dvobii bez kompromisiv: protyborstvo spetspidrozdiliv OUN ta radians'kykh syl spetsoperatsii. 1945–1980-ti roky. K.I.S. 2007.
- Viola, Lynne. Stalinist Perpetrators on Trial: Scenes from the Great Terror in Soviet Ukraine. Oxford UP, 2017.
- Weiner, Amir, and Aigi Rahi-Tamm. “Getting to Know You: The Soviet Surveillance System, 1939–1957.” Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, vol. 13, no. 1, Winter 2012, pp. 5–45. DOI: 10.1353/kri.2012.0011
- Burlachenko, Grigorii. “Doklad o prodelannoi rabote v tylu protivnika operativnoi gruppoi NKGB USSR ‘Razgrom’ s 7.10.43 po 4.2.1944 goda.” 4 Feb. 1944. Sectoral State Archive of the Security Services of Ukraine [HDA SBU], Kyiv, Ukraine. F. 60, spr. 28479, t. 1, ark. 76–83.
- Cherniak. “Spravka.” 18 Jan. 1944. Sectoral State Archive of the Security Services of Ukraine [HDA SBU], Kyiv, Ukraine. F.60, spr.28461, t.4, ark.92, 95.
- “Doklad agenta ‘Pavla’ o polozhenii vo L'vove.” 29 June 1944. Sectoral State Archive of the Security Services of Ukraine [HDA SBU], Kyiv, Ukraine. F.60, spr.28442, t.2, ark.48-56ob.
- Formanchuk, Petr. “Dokladnaia zapiska o prodelannoi rabote opergruppy NKGB USSR, deistvuiushchei pri partizanskom soedinenii general-maiora, dvazhdy Geroia Sovetskogo Soiuza tov. Fedorova.” 19 Jan. 1944. Sectoral State Archive of the Security Services of Ukraine [HDA SBU], Kyiv, Ukraine. F. 60, spr.28442, t.25, ark.53–56ob.
- Formanchuk, Petr. Letter to People’s Commissar of State Security of the Ukrainian SSR, S. Savchenko. 20 Jan. 1944. Sectoral State Archive of the Security Services of Ukraine [HDA SBU], Kyiv, Ukraine. F. 60, spr.28442, t.25, ark.121–121ob.
- Gudzenko, Panteleimon. Report to Head of the Administration of State Archives of the NKVD of the Ukrainian SSR M. Shkliarov. 20 April 1942. Central States Archives of the Higher Organs of Government [TsDAVOVUV], Kyiv, Ukraine. F.14, op.1, spr.2355, ark.60–62.
- Kartashov, Aleksandr. “Spravka.” 12 Nov. 1943. Sectoral State Archive of the Security Services of Ukraine [HDA SBU], Kyiv, Ukraine. F.60, spr.28442, t.28, ark.15.
- Khondoshko, Vasilii. “Otchet o prodelannoi rabote opergruppoi ‘Unitartsy’ v tylu protivnika s 2.1.1944 po 6.8.1944 g.” 25 Aug. 1944. Sectoral State Archive of the Security Services of Ukraine [HDA SBU], Kyiv, Ukraine. F.60, spr.28443, t.20, ark.102–110b.
- Khondoshko, Vasilii. Unitartsy. Unpublished manuscript. 1978. Sectoral State Archive of the Security Services of Ukraine [HDA SBU], Kyiv, Ukraine. F. 60, spr. 28443, t. 13a. ark. 1–268ob.
- Khrapko, Viktor. “Otchet o rabote opergruppy ‘Za Rodinu’ s 1-go ianvaria po 1-e marta 1944 goda.” No date. Sectoral State Archive of the Security Services of Ukraine [HDA SBU], Kyiv, Ukraine. F.60, spr.28461, t.1, ark.51–60.
- Khrushchev, Nikita. “O polozhenii v Rovenskoi i Volynskoi oblastiakh U[kr]SSR.” March 1944. Report to J. Stalin. Central State Archives of Civic Organizations of Ukraine [TsDAHOU], Kyiv, Ukraine. F.1, op.23, spr.703, ark.18.
- Korokhov, Nikolai. “Dokladnaia zapiska.” 22 May 1944. Sectoral State Archive of the Security Services of Ukraine [HDA SBU], Kyiv, Ukraine. F.60, spr.28442, t.6, ark. 62–69.
- Lishevskii, S., et al. “Otchet ob organizatsii i boevykh deistviiakh soedineniia partizanskikh otriadov Kievskoi oblasti imeni t. Khrushcheva N.S. 1942–1944 g.” 1944. Central State Archives of Civic Organizations of Ukraine [TsDAHOU], Kyiv, Ukraine. F.77, op.1, spr.1, ark.3–278.
- Onishchuk, Nikolai. “Doklad o prodelannoi rabote v tylu protivnika operativnoi gruppy NKGB USSR ‘Druzhba’ s 1 ianvaria po 20 iiulia 1944 goda.” 28 Aug. 1944. Sectoral State Archive of the Security Services of Ukraine [HDA SBU], Kyiv, Ukraine. F.60, spr.28478, t.1, ark.49–55.
- “Operativnyi plan boevykh deistvii partisan Ukrainy v vesenne-letnii period 1943g.” 1943. Central State Archives of Civic Organizations of Ukraine [TsDAHOU], Kyiv, Ukraine. F.1, op.19, spr.7, ark.124–38.
- Oreshkin. “Spravka na operativno-chekistskuiu gruppu ‘Volyntsy.’” 1944. Sectoral State Archive of the Security Services of Ukraine [HDA SBU], Kyiv, Ukraine. F.60, spr.28442, t.25, ark.234–234ob.
- “Plan meropriiatii po delu ‘Unitartsy’.” 2 Aug. 1943. Sectoral State Archive of the Security Services of Ukraine [HDA SBU], Kyiv, Ukraine. F.60, spr.28443, t.20, ark.11–11ob.
- Priimak. “Spravka.” 2 Aug. 1943. Sectoral State Archive of the Security Services of Ukraine [HDA SBU], Kyiv, Ukraine. F.60, spr.28461, t.1, ark.35.
- Profatilov, Il'ia. “Politicheskaia informatsiia o sostoianii Volynskoi oblasti i rabote Volynskogo obkoma KP(b)U 15 noiabria 1944 g.” 18 Nov. 1944. Russian State Archive of Social and Political History [RGASPI], Moscow, Russian Federation. F.17, op.88, d.352, ll.1–42.
- Radians'ka Ukraina. Kinozhurnal. No. 53, 1963. Central State Archives of Film, Photo and Phono Documents of Ukraine [TsDAKFFDU], Kyiv, Ukraine. Arch.2706.
- Reshetov, Nikolai. “Spravka.” 19 Nov. 1942 Sectoral State Archive of the Security Services of Ukraine [HDA SBU], Kyiv, Ukraine. F.60, spr.28461, t.2, ark.17.
- Savchenko, Sergei. “Dokladnaia zapiska ‘O predateliakh i nemetskikh agentakh, vnedrennykh v partizanskie formirovaniia.” 23 Nov. 1943. Central State Archives of Civic Organizations of Ukraine [TsDAHOU], Kyiv, Ukraine. F.1, op.23, spr.524, ark.177–190.
- Savchenko, Sergei. Letter to “Petrich” [Formanchuk]. 12 Feb. 1944. Sectoral State Archive of the Security Services of Ukraine [HDA SBU], Kyiv, Ukraine. F.60, spr.28442, t.26, ark.50–50ob.
- Savchenko, Sergei. “O rabote v tylu protivnika operativno-chekistskoi gruppy 4 Upravleniia NKGB U[kr]SSR ‘Za Rodinu.’” 9 Jan. 1944. Sectoral State Archive of the Security Services of Ukraine [HDA SBU], Kyiv, Ukraine. F.60, spr.28461, t.3, ark.27–29.
- Shchukin. “Spravka.” 8 Oct. 1943. Sectoral State Archive of the Security Services of Ukraine [HDA SBU], Kyiv, Ukraine. F.60, spr.28479, t.1, ark.33.
- Shitov, Ivan et al. “Otchet o boevoi deiatel'nosti i partiino-politicheskoi rabote soedineniia za period s fevralia 1943g. po fevral’ 1944g. i prilozheniia k nemu,” 21 Mar. 1944. Central State Archives of Civic Organizations of Ukraine [TsDAHOU], Kyiv, Ukraine. F.105, op.1, spr.1, ark.1–86.
- “Skhemy vskrytykh ounovskikh organizatsii na territorii vostochnykh oblastei.” 1945. Sectoral State Archive of the Security Services of Ukraine [HDA SBU], Kyiv, Ukraine. F.2, op.1, spr.260, ark.1–279.
- Sorin. “Spravka.” 27 Dec. 1943. Sectoral State Archive of the Security Services of Ukraine [HDA SBU], Kyiv, Ukraine. F.60, spr.28461, t.5, ark.39.
- “Spetsial'noe soobshchenie.” Dec. 1944. Sectoral State Archive of the Security Services of Ukraine [HDA SBU], Kyiv, Ukraine. F.60, spr.28442, t.25, ark.84–86.
- “Spravka o prodelannoi rabote v tylu protivnika operativnoi gruppoi NKGB USSR ‘Druzhba’ s 1 ianvaria po 20 iiulia 1944 g.” Sectoral State Archive of the Security Services of Ukraine [HDA SBU], Kyiv, Ukraine. F.60, spr.28478, t.1, ark.118.
- “Spravka po arkhivnym materialam 10 otdela KGB U[kr]SSR na spetsial'nye formirovaniia organov gosbezopasnosti Ukrainskoi SSR, deistvovavshie v tylu nemetsko-fashistskikh voisk v period Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny 1941–1945 gg.” 1987. Sectoral State Archive of the Security Services of Ukraine [HDA SBU], Kyiv, Ukraine. F.13, op.1, spr.507, ark.1–21.
- “Stenogramma besedy s Geroem Sovetskogo Soiuza komandirom soedineniia imeni Beriia Grabchakom A.M.” 21 May 1947. Central State Archives of Civic Organizations of Ukraine [TsDAHOU], Kyiv, Ukraine. F.166, op.2, spr.337, ark.1–19.
- “Stenogramma besedy s Ushakovym V.” Central State Archives of Civic Organizations of Ukraine [TsDAHOU], Kyiv, Ukraine. F.166, op.3, spr.87, ark.2–19.
- “Stenogramma-informatsiia tov. Borisova I.S.” 27 March 1943. Central State Archives of Civic Organizations of Ukraine [TsDAHOU], Kyiv, Ukraine. F.166, op.2, spr.29, ark.1–27.
- “Stenogramma vystupleniia P. Vershigory na ob''edinennom sobranii aktiva veteranov voiny.” 20 Oct. 1962. Central State Archive-Museum of Literature and Arts of Ukraine [TsDAMLMU], Kyiv, Ukraine. F.349, op.1, spr.200, ark. 1–17.
- “Sumirovannaia razvedyvatel'naia svodka o deiatel'nosti ukrainskogo i pol'skogo natsionalisticheskogo podpol'ia v Rovenskoi i Volynskoi oblastiakh (Po agenturnym dannym, sobrannym operativnoi gruppoi NKGB USSR ‘Razgrom’).” Feb. 1944. Sectoral State Archive of the Security Services of Ukraine [HDA SBU], Kyiv, Ukraine. F.60, spr.28479, t.1, ark.84–103.
- Vershigora, Petr. Letter to Joseph Stalin. 4 March 1944. Central State Archives of Civic Organizations of Ukraine [TsDAHOU], Kyiv, Ukraine. F.1, op.22, spr.2, ark.151.
- “Zadanie rukovoditeliu opergruppy NKGB USSR ‘Druzhba.’” 9 Aug. 1943. Sectoral State Archive of the Security Services of Ukraine [HDA SBU], Kyiv, Ukraine. F.60, spr.28478, t.1, ark.2–7ob.
- “Zadanie rukovoditeliu opergruppy NKGB USSR ‘Volyntsy’ ‘Petrichu.’” 9 Aug. 1943. Sectoral State Archive of the Security Services of Ukraine [HDA SBU], Kyiv, Ukraine. F.60, spr.28442, t.26, ark.1–5ob.