Résumés
Abstract
In Greenland, Palaeoeskimo dwellings are mostly concentrated in the north and northeast parts of the island. Some are found in the southeast, in the west (from Nuuk to Disko Bay), and in the northwest (Inglefield Land and Washington Land). During the entire period, Palaeoeskimo dwellings show an emphasis on an axial element. In the Early Palaeoeskimo period (Saqqaq and Independence I) the fireplace is a separate square box inside two parallel rows of flags or boulders. Cooking and/or seething stones are common during Saqqaq and rare in Dorset. In Late Saqqaq, a shift in dwelling style to a platform-like dwelling is indicated by material from the Disko Bay region. During Independence II, the external borders of the axial feature often extend towards the front of the dwelling and may display "wings" at one or both ends. Late Dorset is only found in Northwest Greenland where the material from Inglefield Land documents the presence of at least four dwelling types with a clear axial element in the more substantial ruins.
Résumé
Au Groenland, les habitations paléoesquimaudes sont principalement concentrées au nord et au nord-est de l'île. On en retrouve quelques-unes au sud-est, à l'ouest (de Nuuk à la baie de Disko) et au nord-ouest (Inglefield Land et Washington Land). Durant l'ensemble de la période du Paléoesquimau, on remarque la présence d'aménagements axiaux dans les habitations. Au Paléoesquimau ancien (Saqqaquien et Indépendancien I), le foyer, en forme de boîte, se situe à l'intérieur de deux rangées parallèles faites de dalles ou de blocs. Les pierres pour la cuisson et/ou l'ébullition sont courantes durant le Saqqaquien puis se rarifient au Dorsétien. Au cours du Saqqaquien récent, on observe un changement dans le style des habitations avec l'intégration de plateformes de couchage, tel qu'illustré dans la région de Disko Bay. Durant l'Indépendancien II, les bordures externes de l'aménagement axial s'étendent souvent vers le devant de l'habitation et peuvent avoir des “ailes” à une ou aux deux extrémités. Le Dorsétien ancien n'est recensé qu'au nord-ouest du Groenland où on a répertorié, dans la région d'Inglefield Land, au moins quatre types d'habitations dont certaines plus substantielles comportaient un aménagement axial bien défini.
Parties annexes
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