Résumés
Abstract
This article aims to explore experiences of “place” among older migrants living in deprived urban neighbourhoods. The data for the present research are derived from two qualitative studies in inner-city neighbourhoods in England and Belgium. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with older Pakistani and Somali people in Manchester and Liverpool, and Turkish and Moroccan elders in Brussels, the paper reviews the variety of ways in which the idea of “home” is created, the constraints and environmental pressures which may prevent people from developing a sense of “home,” and the meaning of transnational ties for the experience of place. The final part of the paper discusses conceptual as well as policy issues raised by the research.
Keywords:
- Aging,
- urban environments,
- migration,
- older migrants,
- place attachment
Résumé
Le présent article explore l’expérience de l’environnement chez les personnes âgées immigrantes vivant dans des quartiers défavorisés. Cette recherche qualitative réalisée dans des cités en Angleterre et en Belgique est fondée sur une série d’entrevues semi-dirigées avec des personnes âgées d’origine pakistanaise et somalienne à Manchester et Liverpool et d’origine turque et marocaine à Bruxelles. L’article montre dans quelle mesure et sous quelles formes est recréée l’idée de « chez-soi » et quelles sont les contraintes pouvant restreindre sa réalisation. On y explore aussi le sens des liens transnationaux dans le lien avec l’environnement. Enfin, l’article se penche sur les concepts et les enjeux politiques soulevés au cours de la recherche.
Mots-clés :
- Vieillissement,
- environnement urbain,
- migration,
- personnes âgées immigrantes,
- lien avec l’environnement
Parties annexes
Bibliography
- Anwar, M., 1975. The myth of return. London, Heinemann.
- Baldassar, L., 2007. “Transnational families and aged care: The mobility of care and the migrancy of ageing,” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, vol. 33, no 2, p. 275-297.
- Becker, G., 2003. “Meanings of place and displacement in three groups of older immigrants,” Journal of Aging Studies, vol. 17, p. 129-149.
- Buffel, T., D. Verté, L. De Donder, N. De Witte, S. Dury, T. Vanwing and A. Bolsenbroek, [forthcoming]. “Theorising the relationship between older people and their immediate social living environment,” International Journal of Lifelong Education, no 31.
- Burdett, R. and D. Sudjic (eds.), 2008. The endless city. London, Phaidon.
- Carp, F. and A. Carp, 1984. “A complementary/congruence model of well-being or mental health for the community elderly,” in I. Altman and M.P. Lawton (eds.), Human behaviour and environment. New York, Plenum Press, p. 279-336.
- Chambers, P., G. Allan, C. Phillipson and M. Ray, 2009. Family practices in later life. Bristol, Policy Press.
- Chaudhury, H. and G.D. Rowles, 2005. “Between the shores of recollection and imagination: Self, aging, and home,” in G.D. Rowles and H. Chaudhury (eds.), Home and identity in late life. International perspectives. New York, Springer, p. 3-20.
- Crow, G., 2004. “Social networks and social networks: An overview of the debate,” in C. Phillipson, G. Allan, and D. Morgan (eds.), Social networks and social exclusion. Aldershot, Ashgate Books, p 7-19.
- de Haan, H., 2005. “Social and material appropriation of neighborhood space: Collective space and resistance in a Dutch urban community.” Paper for the International Conference “Doing, thinking, feeling home: the mental geography of residential environments,” Delft University of Technology.
- Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR), 1998. Updating and revising the index of local deprivation. London, Government of United Kingdom.
- Dwyer, C., 2000. “Negotiating diasporic identities: Young British South Asian Muslim women,” Women’s Studies International Forum, vol. 23, no 4, p. 475-486.
- Eade, J. (ed.), 1997. Living the global: Globalization as a local process. London, Routledge.
- Ehrkamp, P., 2005. “Placing identities: Transnational practices and local attachments of Turkish immigrants in Germany,” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, vol. 31, no 2, p. 345-364.
- Faist, T., 2000. “Transnationalization in international migration: Implications for the study of citizenship and culture,” Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol. 23, no 2, p. 189-222.
- Feldman, R.M. and S. Stall, 2004. The dignity of resistance: women residents’ activism in Chicago public housing. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
- Gardner, K., 2002. Narrative, age and migration. Oxford, Berg.
- Harvey, D., 2009. Social justice and the city. Revised Edition. Athens, Georgia, The University of Georgia Press.
- Huber, A. and K. O’Reilly, 2004. “The construction of Heimat under conditions of individualised modernity: Swiss and British elderly migrants in Spain,” Ageing & Society, vol. 24, p. 327-351.
- Jacobs, D. and M. Swyngedouw, 2000. “Een nieuwe blik op achtergestelde buurten in het Brussels hoofdstedelijk gewest,” Tijdschrift voor Sociologie, vol. 21, no 3, p. 197-228.
- Kahana, E., 1982. “A congruence model of person-environment interaction,” in M.P. Lawton, P.G. Windley and T.O. Byerts (eds.), Aging and the environment: Theoretical approaches. New York, Springer, p. 97-121.
- Kesteloot, C., H. Vandenbroecke, H. Van der Haegen, D. Vanneste and E. Van Hecke, 1996. Atlas van achtergestelde buurten in Vlaanderen en Brussel. Brussel, Ministerie van de Vlaamse Gemeenschap.
- Kesteloot, C. and S. Meys, 2008. Atlas van achtergestelde buurten in Vlaanderen en Brussel. Leuven, Sociale en Economische Geografie, KULeuven & Vlaamse interprovinciale werkgroep Sociale Planning.
- Kleemier, R.W., 1956. “Environmental settings and the ageing process,” in J.E. Anderson (ed.), Psychological aspects of aging. Washington, DC, American Psychological Association, p. 105-116.
- Lawton, M.P. and L. Nahemow, 1973. “Ecology of the aging process,” in C. Eisdorfer and M.P. Lawton (eds.), Psychology of adult development and aging. Washington, DC, American Psychological Association, p. 619-624.
- Lawton, M.P., 1982. “Competence, environmental press, and the adaptation of older people,” in M.P. Lawton, P.G. Windley and T.O. Byerts (eds.), Aging and the environment: Theoretical approaches. New York, Springer, p. 33-59.
- Lefebvre, H., 1991. The production of space. Oxford, Blackwell.
- McHugh, K.E. and R.C. Mings, 1996. “The circle of migration: Attachment to place in aging,” Annals of the Association of American Geographers, vol. 86, no 3, p. 530-550.
- Moulin, M., M.T. Casman, S. Carbonelle and D. Joly, 2007. Migrations et vieillissements: synthèse. Bruxelles, Fondation Roi Baudouin.
- Naegele, G., 2008. “Age and migration in Germany – An overview with a special consideration of the Turkish population,” Gerobilim Journal of Social & Psychological Gerontology. http://gerobilim.com/index.php?id=43 [accessed 4 June, 2010].
- Peleman, K., 2003. “Power and territoriality: A study of Moroccan women in Antwerp,” Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, vol. 94, no 2, p. 151-163.
- Penninx, R., K. Kraal, M. Martiniello and S. Vertovec, 2004. Citizenship in European cities. Immigrants, local politics and integration policies. Aldershot/Burlington, Ashgate.
- Phillipson, C., 2010. “Growing old in the ‘century of the city,’” in D. Dannefer and C. Phillipson (eds.), The sage handbook of social gerontology. London, Sage.
- Phillipson, C., N. Ahmed and J. Latimer, 2002. Women in transition. Bristol, Policy Press.
- Portes, A., 1998. “Social capital: its origins and applications in modern sociology,” Annual Review of Sociology, vol. 24, p. 1-24.
- Purcell, M., 2003. “Citizenship and the right to the global city: Reimagining the capitalist world order,” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, vol. 27, no 3, p. 564-590.
- Putnam, R.D., 2000. Bowling alone. The collapse and revival of American community. New York, Simon & Shuster.
- Ramji, H., 2006. “British Indians ‘returning home’: An exploration of transnational belongings,” Sociology, vol. 40, no 4, p. 645-662.
- Rowles, G., 1983. “Place and personal identity in old age: Observations from Appalachia,” Journal of Environmental Psychology, vol. 3, no 3, p. 299-313.
- Rowles, G., 1978. Prisoners of Space? Exploring the geographical experience of older people. Boulder, Colorado, Westview.
- Rubinstein, R.L. and P.A. Parmelee, 1992. “Attachment to place and the representation of the life course by the elderly,” in I. Altman and S.M. Low (eds.), Place attachment. New York, Plenum Press, p. 139-164.
- Sahin, M., P. Nijkamp and T. Baycan-Levent, 2006. Migrant entrepreneurship from the perspective of cultural diversity. Serie Research memoranda, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
- Sassen, S., 1999. “Whose city is it? Globalization and the formation of new claims,” in J. Holston (ed.), Cities and citizenship. Durham, NC, Duke University Press, p. 177-194.
- Scharf, T., C. Phillipson, A. Smith and P. Kingston, 2002. Growing older in socially deprived areas: Social exclusion in later life. London, Help the Aged.
- Scharf, T. and J. De Jong Gierveld, 2008. “Loneliness in urban neighbourhoods: An Anglo-Dutch comparison,” European Journal of Ageing, vol. 5, p. 103-115.
- Silvaira, E. and P. Allebeck, 2001. “Migration, ageing and mental health: An ethnographic study on perceptions of life satisfaction, anxiety and depression in older Somali men in east London,” International Journal of Social Welfare, vol. 10, no 4, p. 309-320.
- Silverman, D., 2001. Interpreting qualitative data: Methods for analysing talk, text and interaction. New Delhi, Thousands Oaks.
- Silverstein, M. and Attias-Donfut, C., 2010. “International relationships of intergenerational migrants in developed nations: the United States and France,” in D. Dannefer, and C. Phillipson, Handbook of Social Gerontology. London/New York, Sage Books.
- Smith, A., 2009. Ageing in urban neighbourhoods. Bristol, Policy Press.
- Social Exclusion Unit, 1998. Bringing Britain together: A national strategy for neighbourhood renewal. London, Social Exclusion Unit, Stationery Office.
- Talloen, D., 2007. Zorg voor allochtone ouderen. Handboek voor wie wil werken aan de interculturalisering van onze dienst- en zorgverlening voor ouderen. Mechelen, Kluwer.
- Torres, S., 2006. “Culture, migration, inequality, and ‘periphery’ in a globalized world: challenges for ethno- and anthropogerontology,” in J. Baars, D. Dannefer, C. Phillipson and A. Walker (eds.), Aging, globalization and inequality. The new critical gerontology. New York, Baywood Publishing Company.
- United Nations (UN), 2009. World population ageing, 2009. New York, Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division.
- Warburton, J. and D. McLaughlin, 2007. “Passing on our culture: How older Australians from diverse cultural backgrounds contribute to civil society,” Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, vol. 22, p. 47-60.
- Warnes, A.M., 2004. Older migrants in Europe: Essays, projects and sources. Sheffield, University of Sheffield, Sheffield Institute for Studies on Ageing.
- Warnes, A.M. and A. Williams, 2006. “Older migrants in Europe: A new focus for migration studies,” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, vol. 32, no 8, p. 1257-1281.
- Webber, I.L. and C.C. Oserbind, 1960. “Types of Retirement Communities,” in E.W. Burgess and A. Arbor (eds.), Housing the elderly in retirement communities. University of Michigan, Division of Gerontology.
- Zechner, M., 2008. “Care of older people in transnational settings,” Journal of Aging Studies, vol. 22, p. 32-44.