Résumés
Abstract
This article applies approaches from current emotion research on material affective scaffolds—objects made and used to enhance, and more generally transform, affective states—to the emerging field of study focusing on emotions in ancient Near Eastern societies. Its main goal is to extend the framework of 4E cognition—with its central notion that human cognition is embodied, embedded, enactive, and extended—to the realm of affective states, emphasizing that through our bodily interactions with material objects we transform not just our cognitive processes but also our emotions, moods, and so forth. Thereby, the present study seeks to contribute to the exploration of the relationships between sensory experiences, emotions, moods, and the material world by investigating the affective meanings that material things acquire through people’s entanglements with them.
The study focuses on one particular class of objects—Mesopotamian amulets from the first millennium BC, which served as bodily adornments but were also understood to have the power to evoke affective responses through their activation in ritual performances. Referring to scholarly compendia in Mesopotamian cuneiform texts, this study demonstrates that these objects were recommended by healing experts to influence different affective states, both in oneself and others. It examines the connection between affective states and specific material features of the amulet components (consisting of minerals, metals, and plant and animal substances). Finally, Mesopotamian views of affective states and their management are compared with those of contemporary cognitive-affective science. This comparison shows that although there are some analogies, there are also important differences that depend mainly on different understandings of the human mind and agency.
Keywords:
- 4E-Cognition,
- Affective States,
- Emotions,
- Material Affective Scaffolds,
- Ancient Mesopotamian Healing Texts,
- Amulets
Veuillez télécharger l’article en PDF pour le lire.
Télécharger
Parties annexes
Bibliography
- ADFU [Ausgrabungen der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft in UrukWarka (Berlin etc., 1936–)].
- AUWE [Ausgrabungen in UrukWarka. Endberichte, DAI Baghdad/1936–1996, Orientabteilung (Mainz 1987– in Uruk: Kleinfunde)].
- BabMed [Babylonische Medezin Corpora Online Project: https://www.geschkult.fuberlin.de/e/babmed/Corpora/index.html].
- BAM [F. Köcher et al., Die babylonisch-assyrische Medizin in Texten und Untersuchungen (Berlin, 1963–): (1–3) Keilschrifttexte aus Assur 1–3 (1963/1964).
- BAM [F. Köcher et al., Die babylonisch-assyrische Medizin in Texten und Untersuchungen (Berlin, 1963–): (4) Keilschrifttexte aus Assur 4 (1971).
- BAM [F. Köcher et al., Die babylonisch-assyrische Medizin in Texten und Untersuchungen (Berlin, 1963–): (5–6) Keilschrifttexte aus Ninive 1–2 (1980).
- BAM [F. Köcher et al., Die babylonisch-assyrische Medizin in Texten und Untersuchungen (Berlin, 1963–): (7) M. J. Geller, Renal and Rectal Disease Texts (2005)].
- BRM [A. T. Clay ed. Babylonian Records in the Library of J. Pierpont Morgan, 1–4 (New York/New Haven etc., 1912–1923: (1) Babylonian Business Transactions of the First Millennium B.C. (New York, 1912).
- BRM [A. T. Clay ed. Babylonian Records in the Library of J. Pierpont Morgan, 1–4 (New York/New Haven etc., 1912–1923: (2) Legal Documents from Erech Dated in the Seleucid Era (312–65 B.C.) (New York, 1913).
- BRM [A. T. Clay ed. Babylonian Records in the Library of J. Pierpont Morgan, 1–4 (New York/New Haven etc., 1912–1923: (3) C. E. Keiser, Cuneiform Bullae of the Third Millennium B.C. (New Haven/New York, 1920).
- BRM [A. T. Clay ed. Babylonian Records in the Library of J. Pierpont Morgan, 1–4 (New York/New Haven etc., 1912–1923: (4) Epics, Hymns, Omens and Other Texts (New Haven, 1923).
- CAD [Gelb, I. J.; T. Jacobsen; B. Landsberger; A. L. Oppenheim; E. Reiner.1956–2010. The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Chicago].
- CT [Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum (London 1896–)].
- NABU [Nouvelles assyriologiques brèves et utilitaires].
- RAVA [Ebeling, E.; B. Meissner; E. Weidner; W. von Soden; D. O. Edzard; and M. P. Streck edd. 1922–. Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie. Berlin].
- SpTU [Spätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk (Bd. 4–5 unter dem Titel: Uruk. Spätbabylonische Texte aus dem Planquadrat Q 18) 1–5 (Berlin/Mainz 1976–1998; vols 1–3 [1976/1983/1983] = ADFU 9– 10, 12; vols 4–5 [1993/1998] = AUWE 12–13)].
- UET [Ur Excavations. Publications of the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and of the University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania to Mesopotamia. Texts 1– 9 (London 1928–1976)].
- VAT [Museum siglum of the Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin (Vorderasiatische Abteilung. Tontafeln)].
- Abusch, T. 2016. The Magical Ceremony Maqlû. Leiden.
- Abusch, T. and D. Schwemer. 2011. Corpus of Mesopotamian Anti-Witch-craft Literature. vol. 1. Leiden.
- Abusch, T. and D. Schwemer. 2016. Corpus of Mesopotamian Anti-Witch-craft Literature. vol. 2. Leiden.
- Adams, F. M. and C. E. Osgood. 1973. “A Cross-Cultural Study of Affective Meanings of Color”. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 4: 135–156.
- Allan, K. 2007. “The Connotations of English Color Terms: Color-Based X-phemisms”. Journal of Pragmatics 41: 626–637.
- Ambos, C. 2005a. “Mit Ritualen Emotionen steuern”. Pp. 9–14 in Ambos 2005c.
- Ambos, C. 2005b. “Weinen aus Demut: Der babylonische König beim Neujahrsfest”. Pp. 38–40 in Ambos 2005c.
- Ambos, C. 2005c. Die Welt der Rituale. Darmstadt.
- Arbøll, T. P. 2021. Medicine in Ancient Assur. Leiden.
- Attia, A. 2018. “The libbu Our Second Brain (Part 1)”. Journal des Médecines Cunéiformes 31: 67–88.
- Attia, A. 2019. “The libbu Our Second Brain? Appendix Part Two”. Journal des Médecines Cunéiformes 33: 50–92.
- Barsade, S. G. 2002. “The Ripple Effect: Emotional Contagion and Its Influence on Group Behaviour”. Administrative Science Quarterly 47: 644–675.
- Barth, F. 1975. Ritual and Knowledge among the Baktaman of New Guinea. New Haven.
- Bennett, J. 2001. “Stigmata and Sense Memory: St. Francis and the Affective Image”. Art History 24: 1–16.
- Bennett, J. 2005. Empathic Vision. Stanford.
- Bennett, J. 2012. Practical Aesthetics. London.
- Betz, H. D. 1986. The Greek Magical Papyri in Translation Including the Demotic Spells. Chicago.
- Biggs, R. D. 1967. ŠÀ.ZI.GA: Ancient Mesopotamian Potency Incantations. Locust Valley.
- Black, J. A.; G. Cunningham; J. Ebeling; E. Flückiger-Hawker; E. Robson; J. Taylor; and G. Zólyomi. 1998–2006. The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature. Oxford. Online: http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/.
- Böck, B. 2010. “Epilepsie, Schlaganfall und Lähmung”. Pp. 90–98 in B. Janowski and D. Schwemer edd. Texte zur Heilkunde. Texte aus der Umwelt des Alten Testaments, Neue Folge 5. Gütersloh.
- Böck, B. 2013. “Medicinal Plants and Medicaments Used for Conception, Abortion, and Fertility Control in Ancient Babylonia”. Journal Asiatique 301: 27–52.
- Boivin, N. 2009. “Grasping the Elusive and Unknowable: Material Culture in Ritual Practice”. Material Religion 5: 266–287.
- Bons, E. and K. Finsterbusch. 2016–2017. Konstruktionen individueller und kollektiver Identität (I)–(II). Neukirchen-Vluyn.
- Boschung, D. and J. N. Bremmer. 2015. The Materiality of Magic. Paderborn.
- Boyer, P. 2001. Religion Explained. New York.
- Brakke, D. 2005. Demons and the Making of the Monk: Spiritual Combat in Early Christianity. Cambridge, MA.
- Braun-Holzinger,E. A. and W. Sallaberger. 2016–2018. “Weihgabe A. In Mesopotamien”. RAVA 15: 25–32.
- Buisson, G. 2016. “À la recherche de la mélancholie en Mésopotamie ancienne”. Journal des Médecines Cunéiformes 28: 1–54.
- Clark, A. 2008. Supersizing the Mind. Oxford.
- Colombetti, G. 2016. “Affective Incorporation”. Pp. 231–248 in J. A. Simmons and J. E. Hackett edd. Phenomenology for the Twenty-First Century. London.
- Colombetti, G. and J. Krueger 2015. “Scaffoldings of the Affective Mind”. Philosophical Psychology 28: 1154–1176.
- Colombetti, G. and T. Roberts. 2015. “Extending the Extended Mind: The Case for Extended Affectivity”. Philosophical Studies 172: 1243–1263.
- Delnero, P. 2010. How to Do Things with Tears. Boston.
- Delnero, P. 2021. “Beyond Representation: The Role of Affect in Sumerian Ritual Lamenting”. Pp. 83–114 in K. Sonik ed. Artifacts and Art Works in the Ancient World. Philadelphia.
- DémareLafont, S. 2006–2008. “Prozeß (Procès). A. Mesopotamien”. RAVA 11: 72–91.
- Dodds, E. R. 1951. The Greeks and the Irrational. Berkeley.
- Eidinow, E. 2007. Oracles, Curses, and Risk among the Ancient Greeks. Oxford.
- Elliot, A. J.; M. A. Maier; A. C. Moller; R. Friedman; and J. Meinhardt. 2007. “Color and Psychological Functioning: The Effect of Red on Performance Attainment”. Journal of Experimental Psychology, General 136: 154–168.
- Faraone, C. A. 1991. “The Antagonistic Context of Early Greek Binding Spells”. Pp. 5–32 in C. A. Faraone and D. Obbink edd. Magika Hiera. New York.
- Faraone, C. A. 1999. Ancient Greek Love Magic. Cambridge, UK.
- Farber, W. 2010. “Ištar und die Ehekrise. Bemerkungen zu STT 257, RA 18, 21ff. (“Tisserant 17”), und STT 249”. Pp. 73–85 in D. Shehata, F. Weiershäuser, and K. V. Zand edd. Von Göttern und Menschen. Leiden.
- Finkel, I. L. 2000. “On Late Babylonian Medical Training”. Pp. 137–223 in A. R. George and I. L. Finkel edd. Wisdom, Gods and Literature. Winona Lake.
- Finkel, I. L. 2018. “Amulets against Fever”. Pp. 232–271 in S. V. Panayotov and L. Vacín edd. Mesopotamian Medicine and Magic. Leiden.
- Fleisher, J. and N. Norman. 2016. The Archaeology of Anxiety. New York.
- Foster, B. R. 2005. Before the Muses. 3rd edn. Bethesda.
- Freedberg, D. and V. Gallese. 2006. “Motion, Emotion and Empathy in Esthetic Experiences”. Trends in Cognitive Science 11: 197–203.
- Fugate, J. M. B. and C. L. Franco. 2019. “What Color Is Your Anger? Assessing Color-Emotion Pairings in English Speakers”. Frontiers in Psychology 10 (26 Feb. 2019): art. no. 206. Online: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00206.
- Gabriel, G. 2023. “Emotions and Ritual Laments: The Affective Function of Beer in Mesopotamia”. Pp. 413–424 in Sonik and Steinert 2023.
- Gallese, V. 2011. “Mirror Neurons and Art”. Pp. 441–449 in D. P. Melcher and F. Bacci edd. Art and the Senses. Oxford.
- Gelb, I. J.; T. Jacobsen; B. Landsberger; A.L. Oppenheim; and E. Reiner. 1956–2010. The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Chicago.
- Geller, M. J. 2014. Melothesia in Babylonia. Berlin.
- Geller, M. J. 2016. Healing Magic and Evil Demons. Berlin.
- Geller, M. J. 2018. “The Exorcist’s Manual”. Pp. 293–312 in U. Steinert ed. Assyrian and Babylonian Scholarly Text Catalogues: Medicine, Magic and Divination. Berlin.
- Gosden, C. 2004. “Aesthetics, Intelligence and Emotions: Implications for Archaeology”. Pp. 33–42 in E. De Marrais, C. Gosden, and C. Renfrew edd. Rethinking Materiality. Cambridge, UK.
- Gross, J. J. 2014. “Emotion Regulation: Conceptual and Empirical Foundations”.Pp. 3–20 in J. J. Gross ed. Handbook of Emotion Regulation. 2nd edn. New York.
- Hamilakis, Y. 2014. Archaeology and the Senses. Cambridge, UK.
- Harris, O. J. T. and T. Flohr Sørensen. 2010. “Rethinking Emotion and Material Culture”. Archaeological Dialogues 17: 145–163.
- Hawthorn, A. and A.-C. Rendu Loisel. 2019. Distant Impressions. University Park.
- Heelas, P. 1986. “Emotion Talk across Cultures”. Pp. 234–266 in R. Harré ed. The Social Construction of Emotions. Oxford.
- Heeßel, N. P. 2000. Babylonisch-assyrische Diagnostik. Münster.
- Heeßel, N. P. 2005. “Stein, Pflanze und Holz: Ein neuer Text zur medizinischen Astrologie”. Orientalia Nova Series 74: 1–22.
- Heeßel, N. P. 2008. “Astrological Medicine in Babylonia”. Pp. 1–16 in A. Akasoy, C. Burnett, and R. Yoeli-Tlalim edd. Astro-Medicine. Florence.
- Heeßel, N. P. 2010. “Gebinde mit Amulettsteinen und anderen therapeutischen Substanzen”. Pp. 157–163 in B. Janowski and D. Schwemer edd. Texte zur Heilkunde. Texte aus der Umwelt des Alten Testaments, Neue Folge 5. Gütersloh.
- Hodder, I. 2012. Entangled. Chichester.
- Horowitz, W. 1998. Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography. Winona Lake.
- Hrouda, B. 1991. Der alte Orient. München.
- Hsu, S.-W. and J. Llop Raduà. 2021. The Expression of Emotions in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. Leiden.
- Hupka, R. B.; Z. Zaleski; J. Otto; L. Reidl; and N. V. Tarabrina. 1997. “The Colors of Anger, Envy, Fear, and Jealousy: A Cross-Cultural Study”. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 28: 156–171.
- Janowski, B. 2012. Der ganze Mensch. Berlin.
- Jonauskaite, D.; C. A. Parraga; M. Quiblier; and C. Mohr. 2020. “Feeling Blue or Seeing Red? Similar Patterns of Emotion Associations with Color Patches and Color Terms”. i-Perception 11: 1–24.
- Kipfer, S. 2017. Visualizing Emotions in the Ancient Near East. Göttingen.
- Kipfer, S. and E. WagnerDurand. 2021. “Coping with and Preventing Collective Fear in the Ancient Near East: Introduction”. Pp. 2–9 in S. Kipfer and E. Wagner-Durand edd. Coping with and Preventing Collective Fear in the Ancient Near East. Göttingen.
- Klan, M. 2007. Als das Wünschen noch geholfen hat oder: wie man in Mesopotamien Karriere machte. Hamburg.
- Köcher, F. 1953. “Der babylonische Göttertypentext”. Mitteilungen des Instituts für Orientforschung 1: 57–107.
- Köcher, F. 1971. Die babylonisch-assyrische Medizin in Texten und Untersuchungen. vol. 4. Berlin.
- Koole, S. L. and L. Veenstra. 2015. “Does Emotion Regulation Occur Only Inside People’s Heads? Toward a Situated Cognition Analysis of Emotion-Regulatory Dynamics”. Psychological Inquiry 26: 61–68.
- Kövecses, Z. 2000. Metaphor and Emotion. Cambridge, UK.
- Lakoff, G. and Z. Kövecses. 1987. “The Cognitive Model of Anger Inherent in American English”. Pp. 195–221 in D. Holland and D. Quinn edd. Cultural Models in Language and Thought. New York.
- Landsberger, B.; E. Reiner; and M. Civil. 1970. The Series HAR-ra = ḫubullu Tablets XVI, XVII, XIX and Related Texts. Rome.
- Lassen, A. W.; K. Wagensonner; and E. Frahm. 2019. Ancient Mesopotamia Speaks: Highlights of the Yale Babylonian Collection. Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, 210, cat. no. 15. New Haven.
- Leick, G. 1994. Sex and Eroticism in Mesopotamian Literature. London.
- Levenson, R. W. 2003. “Blood, Sweat and Fears: The Autonomic Architecture of Emotion”. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1000: 348–366.
- Livingstone, A. 1986. Mystical and Mythological Explanatory Works of Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars. Oxford.
- Maiese, M. 2016. “Affective Scaffolds, Expressive Arts, and Cognition”. Frontiers in Psychology 7: article no. 359.
- Malafouris, L. 2013. How Things Shape the Mind. Cambridge, MA.
- Malafouris, L. and C. Renfrew. 2010. The Cognitive Life of Things. Cambridge, MA.
- Maul, S. M. 2005. “Weinen aus Trauer: Der Tod des Enkidu”. Pp. 22–23 in Ambos 2005c.
- Maul, S. M. 2010. “Die Tontafelbibliothek aus dem sogenannten ‘Haus des Beschwörungspriesters’”. Pp. 189–228 in S. M. Maul and N. P. Heeßel edd. Assur-Forschungen. Wiesbaden.
- McMahon, A. 2013. “Space, Sound, and Light: Toward a Sensory Experience of Ancient Monumental Architecture”. American Journal of Archaeology 117: 163–179.
- Mehta, R. and R. Zhu. 2009. “Blue or Red? Exploring the Effect of Color on Cognitive Task Performances”. Science 323.5918: 1226–1229.
- Meinhold, W. 2017. Ritualbeschreibungen und Gebete II. Wiesbaden.
- Menary, R. 2010. The Extended Mind. Cambridge, MA.
- Nadali, D. and F. Pinnock. 2020. Sensing the Past. Wiesbaden.
- Neumann, H. 2006–2008. “Richter. A. Mesopotamien”. RAVA 11: 346–351.
- Neumann, K. and A. Thomason. 2022. The Routledge Handbook of the Senses in the Ancient Near East. London.
- Newen, A.; L. D. Bruin; and S. Gallagher. 2018. The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition. Oxford.
- Norman, D. A. 2004. Why We Love (or Hate) Everyday Things. New York.
- Novellino, D. 2009. “From ‘Impregnation’ to ‘Attunement’: A Sensory View of How Magic Works”. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 15: 755–776.
- O’Sullivan, S. 2001. “The Aesthetics of Affect: Thinking Art beyond Representation”. Angelaki 6: 125–135.
- Oshima, T. 2014. Babylonian Poems of Pious Sufferers. Tübingen.
- Padel, R. 1992. In and Out of the Mind. Princeton.
- Pedersén, O. 1986. Archives and Libraries in the City of Assur. Part II. Uppsala.
- Perdibon, A. 2019. Mountains and Trees, Rivers and Springs. Wiesbaden. PientkaHinz, R. 2009–2011. “Skorpion”. RAVA 12: 576–580.
- Piredda, G. 2020. “What Is an Affective Artifact? A Further Development in Situated Affectivity”. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 19: 549–567.
- Plamper, J. 2015. The History of Emotions. Oxford.
- Postgate, J. N. 2009. “Schmuck (Jewellery). A. In Mesopotamien”. RAVA 12: 234–237.
- Reiner, E. 1995. Astral Magic in Babylonia. Philadelphia.
- Reiner, E. 1959–1960. “ME.UGU = mēlu”. Archiv für Orientforschung 19: 150–151.
- Rendu Loisel, A.-C. 2021. “From Landscape to Ritual Performances: Emotions in Sumerian iterature”. Pp. 283–305 in Hsu and Llop Raduà 2021.
- Robbins, P. and M. Aydede. 2009. The Cambridge Handbook of Situated Cognition. New York.
- Robinson, S. and J. Pallasmaa. 2015. Mind in Architecture. Cambridge, MA.
- Rowlands, M. 2010. The New Science of the Mind. Cambridge, MA.
- Saarinen, J. 2020. “What the Concept of Affective Scaffolding Can Do for Us”. Philosophical Psychology 33: 820–839.
- Salje, B. 1997. “Siegelverwendung im privaten Bereich: „Schmuck“—Amulett—Grabbeigabe”. Pp. 124–137 in E. Klengel-Brandt ed. Mit sieben Siegeln versehen. Mainz am Rhein.
- Scarantino, A. 2016. “The Philosophy of Emotions and Its Impact on Affective Science”. Pp. 3–48 in M. Lewis, J. M. Haviland-Jones, and L. F. Barrett edd. The Handbook of Emotions. 4th edn. New York.
- Scheil, V. 1921. “Catalogue de la Collection Eugène Tisserant”. Revue d’assyriologie et d’archéologie orientale 18: 1–33.
- Schellenberg, A. and T. Krüger. 2019. Sounding Sensory Profiles in the Ancient Near East. Atlanta.
- Scherer, K. R. 2009. “The Dynamic Architecture of Emotion: Evidence for the Component Process Model”. Cognition and Emotion 23: 1307–1351.
- Scherer, K. R.; A. Schorr; and T. Johnstone. 2001. Appraisal Processes in Emotion. Oxford.
- SchusterBrandis, A. 2008. Steine als Schutz- und Heilmittel. Münster.
- Schwemer, D. 2007. Abwehrzauber und Behexung. Wiesbaden.
- Schwemer, D. 2019. “Mesopotamia”. Pp. 36–64 in D. Frankfurter ed. Guide to the Study of Ancient Magic. Leiden.
- Scott, R. A. 2006. “Making Relics Work”. Pp. 211–224 in M. Turner ed. The Artful Mind. Oxford.
- Seidl, U. 2014–2016. “Vulva. B. Archäologisch”. RAVA 15: 600–601.
- Sibbing-Plantholt, I. 2021. “Visible Death and Audible Distress: The Personification of Death (Mūtu) and Associated Emotions as Inherent Conditions of Life in Akkadian Sources”. Pp. 335–389 in Hsu and Llop Raduà 2021.
- Simkó, K. 2017. “Sm. 1042: A New Manuscript of the ‘Kette Hammurapis’”?NABU105: 185–188.
- Solso, R. L. 2003. The Psychology of Art and the Evolution of the Conscious Brain. Cambridge, MA.
- Sonik, K. 2017. “Emotion and the Ancient Arts: Visualizing, Materializing, and Producing States of Being”. Pp. 219–261 in S. Kipfer ed. Visualizing Emotions in the Ancient Near East. Göttingen.
- Sonik, K. 2023. “Emotions and Body Language: The Expression of Emotions in Visual Art”. Pp. 269–325 in Sonik and Steinert 2023.
- Sonik, K. and U. Steinert. 2023. The Routledge Handbook of Emotions in the Ancient Near East. London.
- Sørensen, J. 2020. “Ritual”. Pp. 73–84 in A. Koch and K. Wilkens edd. The Bloomsbury Handbook of the Cultural and Cognitive Aesthetics of Religion. London.
- Soriano, C. and J. Valenzuela. 2009. “Emotion and Color across Languages: Implicit Associations in Spanish Color Terms”. Social Science Information 48: 421–445.
- Stadhouders, H. 2013. “A Time to Rejoice: The Egalkura-Rituals and the Mirth of Iyyar”. Pp. 301–323 in L. Feliu, J. Llop, A. Millet Albà, and J. Sanmartín edd. Time and History in the Ancient Near East. Winona Lake.
- Stadhouders, H. and S. V. Panayotov. 2018. “From Awe to Audacity. Stratagems for Approaching Authorities Successfully: The Istanbul Egalkura Tablet A 373”. Pp. 623-697 in S. V. Panayotov and L. Vacín edd. Mesopotamian Magic and Medicine. Leiden.
- Stec, K. and E. Sweetser. 2013. “Borobudur and Chartres: Religious Spaces as Performative RealSpace Blends”. Pp. 265–291 in R. Caballero and J. E. DíazVera edd. Sensuous Cognition. Berlin.
- Steinert, U. 2012. Aspekte des Menschseins im Alten Mesopotamien. Leiden.
- Steinert, U. 2017. “Person, Identität und Individualität im antiken Mesopotamien”. Pp. 39–100 in E. Bons and K. Finsterbusch edd. Konstruktionen individueller und kollektiver Identität (II). Göttingen.
- Steinert, U.; S. V. Panayotov; M. J. Geller; J. C. Johnson; and E. Schmidtchen. 2018. “The Assur Medical Catalogue (AMC)”. Pp. 203–291 in U. Steinert ed. Assyrian and Babylonian Scholarly Text Catalogues. Berlin.
- Steinert, U. 2020a. “Looking for Clients in the Mesopotamian Ritual Texts”. Pp. 49–113 in J. C. Johnson ed. Patients, Patronage and Performative Identity. University Park.
- Steinert, U. 2020b. “Healing Substances and Therapies in Mesopotamian Women’s Health Care Texts: Properties, Effects and Cultural Meanings”. Le Journal des Médecines Cunéiformes 36: 54–72.
- Steinert, U. 2021. “Pounding Hearts and Burning Livers: The ‘Sentimental Body’ in Mesopotamian Medicine and Literature”. Pp. 410–469 in Hsu and Llop Raduà 2021.
- Steinert, U. 2023. “Emotion and the Body: Embodiment, Conceptual Metaphor, and Linguistic Encoding of Emotions in Akkadian”. Pp. 51–87 in Sonik and Steinert 2023.
- Stephan, A. 2017. “Moods in Layers”. Philosophia 45: 1481–1495.
- Stol, M. 1993. Epilepsy in Babylonia. Groningen.
- Takahashi, F. and Y. Kawabata. 2018. “The Association between Colors and Emotions for Emotional Words and Facial Expression”. Color Research and Application 43: 247–257.
- Tarlow, S. 2000. “Emotion in Archaeology”. Current Anthropology 41: 713–746.
- Tarlow, S. 2012. “The Archaeology of Emotion and Affect”. Annual Review of Anthropology 41: 169–185.
- Thavapalan, S. 2018. “Radiant Things for Gods and Men: Lightness and Darkness in Mesopotamian Language and Thought”. Color Turn 1. Online: http://dx.doi.org/10.25538/tct.v0i1.675.
- Thavapalan, S. 2020. The Meaning of Color in Ancient Mesopotamia. Leiden.
- Turner, V. 1967. The Forest of Symbols. Ithaca.
- Turner, V. 1990. “Are There Universals in Performance in Myth, Ritual and Drama?” Pp. 8–18 in R. Schechner and W. Appel edd. By Means of Performance. Cambridge, UK.
- Valdez, P. and A. Mehrabian. 1994. “Effects of Color of Emotions”. Journal of Experimental Psychology 123: 394–409.
- Van Alphen, E. 2005. “Affective Operations of Art and Literature”. RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics 53/54: 20–30.
- Van Buylaere, G. 2021. “Depression at the Royal Courts of Esarhaddon and Ashurbanipal”. Pp. 201–219 in Hsu and Llop Raduà 2021.
- Van Dijk, J. 1983. Lugal ud me-lám-bi nirĝál. 2 vols. Leiden.
- Verderame, L. 2011. Demoni Mesopotamici. Rome.
- Verderame, L. 2017. “Demons at Work in Ancient Mesopotamia”. Pp. 61–78 in S. Bhayro and C. Rider edd. Demons and Illness from Antiquity to the Early-Modern Period. Leiden.
- Vess, M. 2012. “Warm Thoughts: Attachment Anxiety and Sensitivity to Temperature Cues”. Psychological Science 23: 472–474.
- Vidal, F. and F. Ortega. 2017. Being Brains. New York.
- Wasserman, N. 2016. Akkadian Love Literature of the Third and Second Millennium bc. Wiesbaden.
- Wee, J. Z. 2014. “Lugalbanda under the Night Sky: Scenes of Celestial Healing in Ancient Mesopotamia”. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 73: 23–42.
- Wee, J. Z. 2015. “Discovery of the Zodiac Man in Cuneiform”. Journal of Cuneiform Studies 67: 217–233.
- Weidner, E. 1967. Gestirn-Darstellungen auf babylonischen Tafeln. Wien.
- Wiggermann, F. A. M. 1996. “Scenes from the Shadow Side”. Pp. 207–230 in M. E. Vogelzang and H. L. J. Vanstiphout edd. Mesopotamian Poetic Language. Groningen.
- Wiggermann, F. A. M. 2009–2011. “Sexualität (sexuality). A. In Mesopotamien”. RAVA 12: 410–426.
- Wilkowski, B.; B. P. Meier; M. D. Robinson; M. S. Carter; and R. Feltman. 2009. “Hot-Headed Is More Than an Expression: The Embodied Representation of Anger in Terms of Heat”. Emotion 9: 464–477.
- Williams, L. E. and J. A. Bargh. 2008. “Experiencing Physical Warmth Promotes Interpersonal Warmth”. Science 332.5901: 606–607.
- Winter, I. J. 1995. “Aesthetics in Ancient Mesopotamian Art”. Pp. 2569–2582 in J. M. Sasson ed. Civilizations of the Ancient Near East. vol. 4. New York.
- Winter, I. J. 2010a. “The Aesthetic Value of Lapis Lazuli in Mesopotamia”.Pp. 291–306 in On Art in the Ancient Near East. vol. 2. Leiden.
- Winter, I. J. 2010b. “The Affective Properties of Styles: An Inquiry into Analytical Process and the Inscription of Meaning in Art History”. Pp. 405–430 in On Art in the Ancient Near East. vol. 2. Leiden.
- Winter, I. J. 2010c. “Agency Marked, Agency Ascribed: The Affective Object in Ancient Mesopotamia”. Pp. 307–331 in Winter On Art in the Ancient Near East. vol. 2. Leiden.
- Zgoll, A. 2012. “Der oikomorphe Mensch. Wesen im Menschen und das Wesen des Menschen in sumerisch-akkadischer Perspektive”. Pp. 83–106 in B. Janowski ed. Der ganze Mensch. Berlin.
- Zhong, C. and G. J. Leornadelli. 2008. “Cold and Lonely: Does Social Exclusion Literally Feel Cold?” Psychological Science 19: 838–842.
- Zisa, G. 2019. “Going, Returning, Rising: The Movement of the Organs in the Mesopotamian Anatomy”. KASKAL–Rivista di storia, ambienti e culture del Vicino Oriente Antico 16: 453–476.
- Zisa, G. 2021. The Loss of Male Sexual Desire in Ancient Mesopotamia. Berlin.
- Zomer, E. 2018. Corpus of Middle Babylonian and Middle Assyrian Incantations. Wiesbaden.