Abstracts
Résumé
Conformément aux engagements internationaux (Accord de Paris sur le climat) et européens (paquet « Une énergie propre pour tous les Européens »), l’urgence climatique nécessite non seulement de promouvoir la production d’électricité à partir de sources d’énergies renouvelables (SER) afin de réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES), mais aussi de développer le potentiel de coopération entre toutes les parties prenantes, y compris les États membres, les autorités locales et les citoyens, pour une action à la fois commune (européenne) et décentralisée. La stratégie européenne pour une « Union de l’énergie », confirmant la nécessité de recourir aux SER, considère la coopération transfrontalière comme étant l’un des vecteurs de la transition énergétique européenne. Cependant, la coopération transfrontalière en matière d’énergies renouvelables nécessite de revoir le processus de planification énergétique, ainsi que les modes de gouvernance existants du fait de la multiplication des acteurs dans le processus de décision et de l’émergence de nouvelles conditions et méthodes pour leur coordination. Cet article examine le cadre institutionnel du processus de planification du développement des SER et cherche à mettre en évidence les formes de gouvernance présentes à différentes échelles du territoire. En adoptant l’approche traditionnelle basée sur l’analyse des textes normatifs existants, ainsi qu’à la lumière du cadre juridique actuel en France, l’objectif de cet article est également de démontrer dans quelle mesure la coopération transfrontalière dans le contexte européen de la transition énergétique est une réalité.
Mots-clés :
- énergies renouvelables,
- coopération transfrontalière,
- gouvernance multi-niveaux,
- droit français
Abstract
In accordance with commitments made at the international (Paris Climate Agreement) and European (Clean energy for all Europeans package) level, the climate emergency requires not only promoting the production of electricity from renewable energy sources (RES) in order to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but also enhancing the potential for cooperation between all stakeholders, including Member States, local authorities and citizens, for both common (European) and decentralized action. The European strategy for an “Energy Union”, which reaffirms the need to use RES, considers cross-border cooperation as one of the vehicles for the European energy transition. However, cross-border cooperation in renewable energy requires a review of the energy planning process, as well as of the existing modes of governance due to the multiplication of actors in the decision-making process, and the emergence of new conditions and methods serving as coordination mechanisms between them. This article reviews the institutional framework of the RES development planning process and seeks to clarify the forms of governance present at different territorial scales. Adopting the traditional approach based on the legal analysis of regulations at the supranational and national level, and in light of the current legal framework in France, the aim of this article is also to demonstrate the extent to which cross-border cooperation in the European context of energy transition is a reality.
Keywords:
- renewable energy,
- cross-border cooperation,
- multi-level governance,
- French legal framework
Appendices
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