Abstracts
Résumé
Plusieurs adultes présentant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA) reçoivent des services en soutien à leur intégration dans la société. Par contre, des experts mettent en lumière la présence d’inadéquations entre leurs besoins et les services reçus, ce qui complique l’exercice d’une participation sociale pleine et entière. À cet égard, 11 adultes, dont le profil réfère à un haut niveau de fonctionnement social ou au syndrome d’Asperger, âgés de 19 à 32 ans ont été interrogés lors d’une recherche qualitative, sur ce qui facilite et fait obstacle à leur participation sociale. Des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été réalisées et retranscrites avant de faire l’objet d’une analyse thématique de contenu. Le cadre théorique choisi, le Modèle du développement humain - Processus de production du handicap 2 (MDH-PHH 2), a guidé l’analyse des données. Les résultats mettent en lumière les points de vue généralement hétérogènes des participants à l’égard des obstacles et des facilitateurs rencontrés dans l’atteinte de leurs objectifs de participation sociale. Les relations interpersonnelles, l’éducation et le travail ressortent comme des domaines centraux à leur participation sociale. De plus, les participants se sont exprimés sur les services reçus, lesquels peuvent être mal adaptés ou, au contraire, favoriser l’atteinte de leurs objectifs de participation sociale. Cette étude permet donc de montrer l’hétérogénéité des points de vue des personnes vivant avec un TSA et rappelle, ainsi, l’importance de prévoir des services flexibles et adaptés à chaque personne.
Mots-clés :
- étude qualitative,
- participation sociale,
- trouble du spectre de l’autisme,
- adulte,
- transition à la vie active
Abstract
Today, many adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) receive services to support their social integration and experts highlight the existence of mismatches between their needs and the services received, which can hinder the exercise of their full social participation. In this regard, 11 young adults aged to 19 to 32, during a qualitative research, were asked about what facilitates and hinders their social participation. The 11 semi-structured interviews took place. Then, they were transcribed, and a mixed content analysis was conducted. The theoretical framework Human Development Model - Disability Creation Process (HDM-DCP 2) guided the data analysis. The results highlight heterogeneous people’s views on the obstacles and facilitators encountered in achieving their social participation goals. Interpersonal relationships, education, and work emerge as central areas for respondents’ social participation. In addition, the participants spoke about the services received, which may be inappropriate or facilitate their social participation goals needs. This study therefore shows the heterogeneity of the points of people’s view living with high functioning autism or with Asperger syndrome and thus recalls the importance of providing flexible services that can be adapted to each person.
Keywords:
- qualitative research,
- social participation,
- autism spectrum disorder,
- adult,
- transition to adulthood
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Appendices
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