Abstracts
Résumé
Les mécanismes de la régulation de la survie cellulaire et de l’apoptose sont d’une nature très complexe, impliquant de nombreux intervenants et de nombreuses voies de signalisation aussi bien dans la prise de décision de survivre (ou de mourir) que dans l’exécution de l’apoptose proprement dite. Il en va de même pour l’anoïkose, une forme d’apoptose régulée principalement par les interactions cellule-matrice extracellulaire médiées par les intégrines. Or, la survie cellulaire, l’apoptose et l’anoïkose comportent des différences mécanistiques supplémentaires dépendant des tissus et des types cellulaires spécifiquement concernés. Incidemment, des études de la survie cellulaire effectuées dans un tissu particulier, l’épithélium intestinal humain, ont mis au jour un degré additionnel de complexité dans la régulation de ces processus : l’activation de mécanismes distincts selon l’état de différenciation cellulaire.
Summary
The regulatory mechanisms of cell survival and apoptosis are very complex in nature, implicating numerous players and signaling pathways not only in the decision-making process of surviving (or dying), but as well as in the execution of apoptosis itself. The same complex nature applies with regards to anoikis, a form of apoptosis that is largely regulated by integrin-mediated, cell-extracellular matrix interactions. However, cell survival, apoptosis and anoikis also happen to implicate further mechanistic distinctions according to the specific tissue and/or cell type concerned. Incidentally, recent studies in a particular tissue, the human intestinal epithelium, have unearthed yet another layer of complexity in the regulation of these three cellular processes, namely the implication of differentiation state-specific mechanisms. Although our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of this new concept of differentiation state-distinct regulation of cell survival, apoptosis and/or anoikis is in its infancy, there is already evidence that such principle applies as well to cell types other than intestinal epithelial cells. Further studies on the differentiation state-specific regulation of these three cellular processes, either under normal or physiopathological situations, should prove crucial in increasing our understanding of pathologies which implicate a dysregulation of apoptosis and/or anoikis – such as cancer.
Appendices
Références
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