Abstracts
Résumé
Bien qu’un nombre grandissant d’études soulignent les bienfaits de l’interaction avec la nature (Institut de cardiologie de Montréal, 2021), rares sont celles qui se penchent spécifiquement sur le rôle des environnements marins dans le cadre des pratiques centrées sur la nature et l’aventure. Or, ces espaces qu’il convient d’appeler les « environnements bleus » possèdent des caractéristiques qui leur sont propres et sont reconnus notamment pour leurs effets bénéfiques sur la santé physiologique et psychologique (White et al., 2020). Il existe à travers le monde différents programmes qui, par l’entremise d’un séjour en mer à bord d’un voilier, ont pour but de soutenir des personnes et des groupes vivant diverses difficultés (Schijf et al., 2017). Les pratiques d’intervention misant sur la navigation à voile offrent ainsi une singulière occasion d’immersion dans un environnement marin. Cet article présente des résultats de recherche et une réflexion quant à ce phénomène à ce jour peu étudié sous l’angle du travail social. L’article s’appuie sur les résultats préliminaires d’un mémoire de maitrise en travail social en cours de réalisation à l’Université du Québec à Rimouski qui vise, par une approche phénoménologique, à mieux comprendre l’expérience vécue par les personnes intervenantes et participantes lors d’une expédition en voilier sur le Saint-Laurent en contexte d’intervention sociale.
Mots-clés :
- Travail social,
- intervention,
- environnement bleu,
- voilier,
- maritimité,
- pratique centrée sur la nature et l’aventure
Abstract
Although a growing number of studies emphasize the benefits of interaction with nature (Montreal Heart Institute, 2021), few studies specifically address the role of marine environments in nature and adventure based practices. However, so-called “blue environments” have their own characteristics and are recognized for their beneficial effects on physiological and psychological health (White et al., 2020). There are various programs around the world that, through a stay at sea on a sailboat, aim to support individuals and groups experiencing various difficulties (Schijf et al., 2017). Intervention practices that rely on sailing thus offer a singular opportunity for immersion in a marine environment. This article presents research findings and reflections on this phenomenon, which has been little studied to date from a social work perspective. The article is based on the preliminary results of a master’s thesis in social work being carried out at the Université du Québec à Rimouski which aims, through a phenomenological approach, to better understand the experience lived by the interveners and participants during a sailing expedition on the St. Lawrence River in a social intervention context.
Keywords:
- Social work,
- intervention,
- blue space,
- sailing,
- maritimity,
- nature and adventure based practice
Download the article in PDF to read it.
Download
Appendices
Bibliographie
- Allison, P., Stott, T., Felter, J. et Beames, S. (2011). Overseas youth expeditions. Dans C. Hodgson et M. Berry (dir.), Adventure education (p. 187-205). Routledge.
- Anderson, J. (2015). Hope and Strengths within Adaptive Sailing: Narratives from the Queen’s Quay Disabled Sailing Program [mémoire de maitrise, Université de Windsor]. Electronic Theses and Dissertations. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/5304
- Bachelard, G. (1941). L’eau et les rêves. Essai sur l’imagination de la matière. José Corti.
- Benninger, E., Curtis, C., Sarkisian, G. V., Rogers, C. M., Bender, K. et Comer, M. (2020). Surf therapy: A scoping review of the qualitative and quantitative research evidence. Global journal of Community Psychology practice, 11(2), 1-26.
- Beringer, A. (2004). Toward an ecological paradigm in adventure programming. Journal of Experiential Education, 27(1), 51-66. https://doi.org/10.1177/105382590402700105
- Besthorn, F. H. (2012). Deep ecology’s contributions to social work: A ten-year retrospective. International Journal of Social Welfare, 21(3), 248-259. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2397.2011.008504
- Britton, E., Kindermann, G., Domegan, C. et Carlin, C. (2020). Blue care: A systematic review of blue space interventions for health and wellbeing. Health promotion international, 35(1), 50-69. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/day103
- Capurso, M. et S. Borsci (2013). Effects of a tall ship sail training experience on adolescents’ self-concept. International Journal of Educational Research,58, 15-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2013.01.004
- Carta, M. G., Maggiani, F., Pilutzu, L., Moro, M. F., Mura, G., Sancassiani, F. et Preti, A. (2014). Sailing can improve quality of life of people with severe mental disorders: Results of a cross over randomized controlled trial. Clinical practice and epidemiology in mental health, 10, 80-86. https://doi.org/10.2174/1745017901410010080
- Clarke, M. L., Clapaham, E. D. et Minsuk, S., (2020). Sailing as Therapy: Adapted Sailing on Children with Disabilities. PALAESTRA, 34(4), 37-43.
- Cleland, R. (2011). Traveling to transformation: Assessing the impact and key aspects of transformation in an experiential sea-based travel program [thèse non publiée, Université de McGill]. Royal Roads University. www.collectionscanada.gc.ca
- Delaney, M. E. (2021). Ecopsychological Approches to Therapy. Dans N. J. Harper et W. W. Dobud (dir.), Outdoor therapies: An introduction to practices, possibilities, and critical perspectives. Routledge.
- Denton, H. et Aranda, K. (2020). The wellbeing benefits of sea swimming. Is it time to revisit the sea cure? Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 12(5), 647-663. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2019.1649714
- Depraz, N. (2012). Comprendre la phénoménologie : une pratique concrète. Armand Colin.
- Derezotes, D. S. (2017). Ecopsychology: Adding “eco” to the biopsychosocialspiritual perspective. Dans F. J. Turner (dir.), Social work treatment: Interlocking theoretical approaches (6e éd., p. 131-142). Oxford University Press.
- du Moulin, G. C., Kunicki, M. et Zechel, C. (2013). Therapy on the water: Universal access sailing at Boston’s Community Boating. PALAESTRA, 27(3), 9-17.
- Fletcher, E. (2021). Sail training: using acculturation to activate a socio-cultural or natural pedagogy. Pedagogy, Culture and Society, 29(3), 341-357. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681366.2020.1735495
- Foley, R. (2015). Swimming in Ireland: Immersions in therapeutic blue space. Health and Place, 35, 218-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.09.015
- Folliot, P. et Louy, X. (2017). France-sur-mer : un empire oublié. Éditions du Rocher.
- Fortin, M. F. et Gagnon, J. (2016). Fondements et étapes du processus de recherche : méthodes quantitatives et qualitatives. Chenelière éducation.
- Fraser, K. K. (2019). Skippers’ beliefs about young people’s personal and social development through sail training: A Dewey-and Hahn-informed perspective [thèse de doctorat, Université d’Édimbourg]. University of Edinburgh. www.era.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1842/36007/Fraser2019.pdf
- Gargano, V. (2020). Les facteurs d’aide : pour une meilleure compréhension des éléments clés de l’intervention en contexte de nature et d’aventure. Groupwork, 29(1), 87-107. https://doi.org/10.1921/gpwk.v29i1.1434
- Gascon, M., Zijlema, W., Vert, C., White, M. P. et Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J. (2017). Outdoor blue spaces, human health and well-being: A systematic review of quantitative studies. International journal of hygiene and environmental health, 220(8), 1208-1221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.08.004
- Gass, M. A., Gillis, H. L. L. et Russel, K. C. (2020). Adventure therapy: Theory, research, and practice (2e éd.). Routledge.
- Grellier, J., White, M. P., Albin, M., Bell, S., Elliott, L. R., Gascón, M., Gualdi, S., Mancini, L., Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J., Sarigiannis, D. A., Bosch, M. van den., Wolf, T., Wuijts, S. et Fleming, L. E. (2017). BlueHealth: a study programme protocol for mapping and quantifying the potential benefits to public health and well-being from Europe’s blue spaces. BMJ open, 7(6), 1-10. https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/7/6/e016188
- Gaudet, S. et Robert, D. (2018). L’aventure de la recherche qualitative : du questionnement à la rédaction scientifique. University of Ottawa Press.
- Godfrey, C., Devine-Wright, H. et Taylor, J. (2015). The positive impact of structured surfing courses on the well-being of vulnerable young people. Community Practitioner, 88(1), 26-29.
- Gordon, S. (1996). A case study of “Blue Watch” on STS Leeuwin. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Leadership, 13(1), 4-7.
- Guba, E. G., et Lincoln, Y. S. (1982). Epistemological and Methodological Bases of Naturalistic Inquiry. Educational Communication and Technology: A Journal of Theory, Research, and Development, 30(4), 233-252.
- Hayhurst, J., Hunter, J. A., Kafka, S., et Boyes, M. (2015). Enhancing resilience in youth through a 10-day developmental voyage. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 15(1), 40-52. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.4993.4567
- Hegemann, T. (1991). Rehabilitative success of a social therapy sailing project. Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie, 40(2), 61-66.
- Henstock, M., Barker, K. et Knijnik, J. (2013). Effects of Sail Training on Engagement with Learning and Education. Future faces: Outdoor education research innovations and visions, 57.
- Heidegger, M. (1976). Acheminement vers la parole. Gallimard.
- Husserl, E. (1950). Idées directrices pour une phénoménologie. Gallimard.
- Institut de cardiologie de Montréal (2021). Les bienfaits de la nature sur la santé globale. SEPAQ.
- Jones, A. T. et Segal, D. S. (2018) Unsettling ecopsychology: Addressing settler colonialism in ecopsychology practice. Ecopsychology, 10(3), 127-136. https://doi.org/10.1089/eco.2018.0059
- Kafka, S., Hunter, J., Hayhurst, J., Boyes, M., Thomson, R., Clarke, H., Grocott, A. M. et O’Brien, K. S. (2012). A 10-day developmental voyage: Converging evidence from three studies showing that self-esteem may be elevated and maintained without negative outcomes. Social Psychology of Education 15(4), 571-601. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-012-9177-3
- Kaplan, R. et Kaplan, S. (1989). The experience of nature: A psychological perspective. Cambridge University Press.
- Dagenais-Lespérance, J. et Macdonald, S-A. (2019). La justice environnementale : dans l’angle mort de la formation en travail social? Intervention, (150), 113-119.
- Louv, R. (2005). Last Child in the Woods – Saving our Children from Nature-Deficit Disorder. Algonquin.
- Loiselet, C. et Deschamps, P. (2011). Démerdez-vous pour être heureux! Le Bel Espoir du père Jaouen. Glénat.
- MacIntyre, T. E., Walkin, A., Calogiuri, G., Oliver, G., Donnelly, A. A., Gritzka, S. et Warrington, G. (2019). Immersion, watersports and blueways and the blue mind: Case studies in blue exercise. Dans A. A. Donnelly et E. T. MacIntire (dir.), Physical Activity in Natural Settings green and blue exercise (p. 210-225). Routledge.
- MacLachlan, M. (2017). Sailing as an intervention. Dans M. MacLachlan (dir.), Maritime Psychology (p. 223-234). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45430-6_10
- Marchand, W. R., Klinger, W., Block, K., VerMerris, S., Herrmann, T.S., Johnson, C., Shubin, E. et Sheppard, S. (2018). Safety and psychological impact of sailing adventure therapy among Veterans with substance use disorders. Complementary therapies in medicine,40, 42-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2018.07.013
- Marchand, W. R., Klinger, W., Block, K., VerMerris, S., Nazarenko, E., Curtis, H., Newton, J., Herrmann, T. S., Yabko, B. et Lane, J. (2022). Mindfulness-based Therapeutic Sailing for Veterans with Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders. Military Medicine, 187(3-4), e445-e452. https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usab030
- McCulloch, K., McLaughlin, P., Allison, P., Edwards, V. et Tett, L. (2010). Sail training as education: More than mere adventure. Oxford Review of Education, 36(6), 661-676. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2010.495466
- Mcphie, J. (2019). The healing power of nature(s). Dans J. Mcphie (dir.), Mental health and wellbeing in the anthropocene (p. 115-139). Palgrave Macmillan.
- Merleau-Ponty, M. (1945). Phénoménologie de la perception. Gallimard.
- Miner, J. L. (1990). The creation of Outward Bound. Dans J. C. Miles et S. Priest (dir.), Adventure education (p. 55-66). Venture Publishing.
- Mitten, D. (2021). Critical perspectives on outdoor therapy pratices. Dans N. J. Harper et W. W. Dobud (dir.), Outdoor therapies: An introduction to practices, possibilities, and critical perspectives (p. 175-186). Routledge.
- Moitessier, B. (1971). La longue route. Arthaud.
- Morais, S. (2013). Le chemin de la phénoménologie: une méthode vécue comme une expérience de chercheur. Recherches qualitatives, 15, 497-511.
- Morin, A., G., Gréco-Le May, S. et Ayotte-Toupin, V. (2020). Évaluation d’un projet d’expérimentation financé dans le cadre de la mesure Recherche et innovation Programme Cabestan de l’organisme ÉcoMaris. Ministère du Travail, de l’Emploi et de la Solidarité sociale.
- Morrow, R. (2013). A Study to Explore the Lived Experience of Camping and Associated Effects of Escapism: A Green Exercise Approach [mémoire de maitrise, University of Huddersfield]. eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/20328/1/rmorrowfinalthesis.pdf
- Nichols, W. J. (2014). Blue mind: The surprising science that shows how being near, in, on, or under water can make you happier, healthier, more connected, and better at what you do. Little, Brown and Compagny.
- Norton, C. L. (2009). Ecopsychology and social work: Creating an interdisciplinary framework for redefining person-in-environment. Ecopsychology, 1(3), 138-145. https://doi.org/10.1089/eco.2009.0046
- Paillé, P. et Mucchielli, A. (2021). L’analyse qualitative en sciences humaines et sociales (5e éd.). Armand Colin.
- Payne, M. (2020). Modern social work theory (4e éd.). Oxford University Press.
- Pearson, A. L., Shortridge, A., Delamater, P. L., Horton, T. H., Dahlin, K., Rzotkiewicz, A. et Marchiori, M. J. (2019). Effects of freshwater blue spaces may be beneficial for mental health: A first, ecological study in the North American Great Lakes region. Plos one, 14(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221977
- Pierron, J. (2013). Au-delà de l’anthropocentrisme : la nature comme partenaire. Revue du MAUSS, 2(42), 41-48. https://doi.org/10.3917/rdm.042.0041
- Pires, A. (1997). Échantillonnage et recherche qualitative : essai théorique et méthodologique. Dans J. Poupart, J.-P. Deslauriers, L.-H. Groulx, A. Laperrière, R. Mayer et A. P. Pires (dir.), La recherche qualitative. Enjeux épistémologiques et méthodologiques (p. 113-169). Gaëtan Morin.
- Qiang, Y., Shen, S. et Chen, Q. (2019). Visibility analysis of oceanic blue space using digital elevation models. Landscape and Urban Planning181, 92-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.09.019
- Rabourdin, S. (2012). Replanter les consciences: une refondation de la relation homme/nature. Yves Michel.
- Rogoff, B. (1990). Apprenticeship in Thinking: Cognitive Development in Social Context. University Press.
- Romero, M., Andreoni, G., Piardi, S., Ratti, A., Imamogullari., B. et Molteni, F. (2014). Sailing as stroke rehabilitation strategy. Advances in Human Aspects of Transportation: Part III, 9(86). 1-7.
- Richards, A. (1991). The genesis of Outward Bound. Dans M. Zelinski (dir.), Outward Bound: The inward odyssey (vol. 2, p. 8-11). From the heart.
- Scarf, D., Kafka, S., Hayhurst, J., Jang, K., Boyes, M., Thomson, R. et Hunter, J. A. (2018). Satisfying psychological needs on the high seas: explaining increases self-esteem following an Adventure Education Programme. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 18(2), 165-175. https://doi.org/10.1080/14729679.2017.1385496
- Schijf, M., Allison, P. et Von Wald, K. (2017). Sail training: A systematic review. Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership, 9(2), 167-180. https://doi.org/10.18666/JOREL-2017-V9-I2-8230
- Smith, J., Flowers, P. et Larkin, M. (2009). Interpretative phenomenological analysis : theory, method and research. Sage.
- Sparagano, M. (2019). Les séjours de rupture et la philosophie du risque. Dans T. Trontin et O. Archambault (dir.), Les séjours de rupture en question : oser l’innovation! (p. 231-246). Érès.
- Thomas, C. (2014) Le sacré dans la nature du point de vue de l’écopsychologie. Dans C. Larrère et B. Hurand (dir.), Y a-t-il du sacré dans la nature? (p. 79-89). Éditions de la Sorbonne.
- Tourrilhes, C. (2012). Un voyage en bateau... Une expérience d’insertion de jeunes. Le Sociographe, 38(2), 32-42.
- Ulrich, R. S. (1984). View through a window may influence recovery from surgery. Science, 224(4647), 420-421. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.6143402
- Van Manen, M. (1984). Doing phenomenological research and writing : an introduction. The Althouse Press.
- Van Tulleken, C., Tipton, M., Masset, H. et Harper, M. C. (2018). Open water swimming as a treatment for major depressive disorder. BMJ Case Reports, 1-3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2018-225007
- Völker, S. et Kistemann, T. (2011). The impact of blue space on human health and well-being–Salutogenetic health effects of inland surface waters: A review. International journal of hygiene and environmental health, 214(6), 449-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.05.001
- White, M., Smith, A., Humphryes, K., Pahl, S., Snelling, D. et Depledge, M. (2010). Blue space: The importance of water for preference, affect, and restorativeness ratings of natural and built scenes. Journal of environmental psychology, 30(4), 482-493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2010.04.004
- White, M. P., Elliott, L. R., Gascon, M., Roberts, B. et Fleming, L. E. (2020). Blue space, health and well-being: A narrative overview and synthesis of potential benefits. Environmental Research, 191(110169), 2-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110169
- White, M. P., Elliott, L. R., Grellier, J., Economou, T., Bell, S., Bratman, G. N., Cirach, M., Gascon M., Lima M. L., Lõhmus, M., Nieuwenhuijsen, Ojala, A., Roiki, A., Schultz, W. P., Bosh, M. van den et Fleming, L. E. (2021). Associations between green/blue spaces and mental health across 18 countries. Scientific reports, 11(1), 1-12. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/item/8wqv8/associations-between-green-blue-spaces-and-mental-health-across-18-countries
- Wilson, E. O. (2012). Biophilie. José Corti.
- Wu, Y.-T., Clare, L., Jone, I. R., Nelis, M. S., Quinn, C., Martyr, A., Victor, C. R., Lamont, R., A., Rippon, I. et Matthews, F. E.(2021). Perceived and objective availability of green and blue spaces and quality of life in people with dementia: results from the IDEAL programme. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 56(9), 1601-1610. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-021-02030-y