Abstracts
Résumé
De récentes études ont montré que la végétation urbaine est inégalement distribuée au sein de plusieurs métropoles nord-américaines : certains quartiers plus défavorisés ou à forte concentration ethnique présenteraient des niveaux de couverture végétale plus limités. L’objectif de cet article est de vérifier l’existence d’iniquités environnementales en termes d’accès à la végétation urbaine sur le territoire de l’ancienne ville de Montréal pour les personnes à faible revenu et les minorités visibles. Six indicateurs de végétation à l’intérieur et autour des îlots résidentiels (à 250 et 500 m) sont construits à l’aide d’images satellites QuickBird. Puis, ces indicateurs sont mis en relation avec des données socioéconomiques au moyen de plusieurs analyses statistiques (corrélation, test de Student (test t), analyse de variance et analyse de régression). Les résultats démontrent que la population à faible revenu et, dans une moindre mesure, celle des minorités visibles résident dans des environnements où la végétation est moins présente. Finalement, l’utilisation combinée d’indicateurs de végétation à l’intérieur et autour de l’îlot permet de démontrer l’existence d’une double iniquité dans certains secteurs urbains.
Mots-clés:
- Végétation urbaine,
- équité environnementale,
- justice environnementale,
- analyse spatiale,
- télédétection,
- Montréal
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that urban vegetation is unevenly distributed across numerous North American cities: neighbourhoods predominantly inhabited by low income population or by certain ethnic groups have lower vegetation cover. The goal of this paper is to examine the existence of environmental inequities related to access to urban vegetation in the former city of Montréal with regards to low-income people and visible minorities. Six indicators of vegetation in and around residential blocks (at 250 and 500 m) are computed by using Quickbird satellite images. These indicators are then related to socio-economic data by different statistical analysis (correlation, Student’s t-test, analysis of variance and regression). Our results indicate that low-income people, and in lesser degree, visible minorities reside in areas where vegetation is less present. Finally the use of indicators computed in and around blocks allows us to reveal the presence of a double inequity in certain neighbourdhoods.
Keywords:
- Urban vegetation,
- environmental equity,
- environmental justice,
- spatial analysis,
- remote sensing,
- Montréal
Resumen
Estudios recientes han mostrado que la vegetación urbana se distribuye de manera desigual en varias metrópolis norte-americanas. Ciertos barrios desfavorecidos o con fuerte concentración étnica presentan una cobertura vegetal bastante limitada. El objetivo de este artículo es el de verificar la parcialidad ambiental de acceso a la vegetación urbana para las personas de bajos ingresos y para las minorías visibles, en la antigua ciudad de Montréal. Seis indicadores de vegetación al rededor de los barrios residenciales (entre 250 y 500 m), se determinan gracias a imágenes satélite-QuickBird. Estos indicadores son relacionados con datos socio-económicos mediante análisis estadísticos (correlación, prueba t de Student, análisis de la varianza y regresión). Los resultados muestran que la población de bajos ingresos y, en menor proporción, la de minorías visibles, residen en ambientes de escasa vegetación. Finalmente, la utilización combinada de indicadores de vegetación en un barrio o a su alrededor muestra una doble parcialidad, en algunos sectores urbanos.
Palabras claves:
- Vegetación urbana,
- equidad ambiental,
- justicia ambiental,
- análisis espacial,
- teledetección,
- Montréal
Appendices
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