Abstracts
Résumé
Plusieurs études documentent le lien entre l’environnement dans lequel un enfant grandit et la réponse qu’il reçoit à ses besoins. Bien que les facteurs parentaux et environnementaux jouent un rôle indéniable sur la qualité de la réponse qu’un parent peut offrir aux besoins de son enfant, un nombre grandissant d’études met l’accent sur l’histoire de trauma de certains parents comme ayant préséance sur ces facteurs et expliquant le cheminement difficile une fois parent.
Objectif : La présente étude vise à vérifier le rôle médiateur du cumul des facteurs de risque propres au parent sur le lien entre les expériences de maltraitance durant l’enfance et la réponse difficile aux besoins des enfants. Elle examine également le rôle modérateur du vécu de maltraitance sur le lien entre le cumul des facteurs de risque liés à l’environnement et la réponse difficile aux besoins des enfants.
Méthode : Un échantillon de 59 mères d’enfants âgés de 2 à 5 ans a répondu à l’outil Place aux parents. L’outil a permis de mesurer la réponse aux besoins, ainsi que les facteurs parentaux (ex : santé mentale, consommation, relation conjugale…) et environnementaux (ex. : déménagements, sécurité du quartier, accès aux ressources) auxquels l’enfant est exposé. Le vécu de maltraitance durant l’enfance a été mesuré en utilisant le Childhood Trauma Questionnaire.
Résultats : Les résultats indiquent que le vécu de maltraitance explique mieux la réponse aux besoins des enfants que le cumul des facteurs de risque parentaux. De plus, un environnement moins favorable est lié à une réponse plus difficile aux besoins des enfants, mais seulement pour les parents n’ayant pas de vécu de maltraitance. Pour les parents ayant un vécu de maltraitance, la réponse aux besoins des enfants demeure difficile, peu importe l’environnement dans lequel ils se trouvent.
Discussion : Les résultats de la présente étude soulèvent l’importance de porter une attention au vécu de maltraitance des parents dans le soutien offert aux familles. Les interventions qui portent une attention particulière au passé de trauma des parents pourraient s’avérer la voie vers une amélioration de la réponse aux besoins des enfants.
Mots-clés :
- vécu de maltraitance,
- trauma,
- réponse aux besoins des enfants
Abstract
Several studies have documented the influence of various parental and environmental factors on child maltreatment. Although these factors play an undeniable role in the quality of the response that a parent can offer his child’s needs, a growing number of studies emphasize that a history of childhood maltreatment can take precedence over these factors and explain the difficulties once a parent.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to test the mediating role of the parental risk factors on the relationship between a history of childhood maltreatment and the response to children needs. It also examines the moderating role of maltreatment on the relationship between environmental risk factors and the response to children needs.
Methodology: A sample of 59 mothers of children aged 2 to 5 years completed the Room for Parent. The tool measures response to children needs, as well as parental factors (e.g., mental health, substance use, marital relationship...) and environmental factors (e.g., moves, neighborhood safety, access to resources) to which the child is exposed. The experience of childhood maltreatment was measured using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire.
Results: The results indicate that the history of maltreatment offers a better explanation of the response to children needs than the parental risk factors. In addition, more risk factors in the environment are associated with a more difficult response to children needs, but only for parents without a history of maltreatment. For parents with a history of maltreatment, meeting children needs remained difficult, regardless of the environment in which they found themselves.
Discussion: The results of this study highlight the importance of experiences of childhood maltreatment. Interventions must pay particular attention to parents trauma histories to help them to improve their response to children needs.
Keywords:
- childhood maltreatment,
- trauma,
- children’s needs
Appendices
Bibliographie
- Adams, T. R., Handley, E. D., Manly, J. T., Cicchetti, D. et Toth, S. L. (2019). Intimate partner violence as a mechanism underlying the intergenerational transmission of maltreatment among economically disadvantaged mothers and their adolescent daughters. Development and Psychopathology, 31(1), 83-93.
- Afifi, T. O., Henriksen, C. A., Asmundson, G. J. et Sareen, J. (2012). Childhood maltreatment and substance use disorders among men and women in a nationally representative sample. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 57(11), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674371205701105
- Aiken, L. S., West, S. G. et Reno (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Sage.
- Armfield, J. M., Gnanamanickam, E. S., Johnston, D. W., Preen, D. B., Brown, D. S., Nguyen, H. et Segal, L. (2021). Intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment in South Australia, 1986–2017: A retrospective cohort study. The Lancet Public Health.
- Assink, M., Spruit, A., Schuts, M., Lindauer, R., van der Put, C. E. et Stams, G. J. J. (2018). The intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment: A three-level meta-analysis. Child Abuse & Neglect, 84, 131-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.07.037
- Badr, H. E., Naser, J., Al-Zaabi, A., Al-Saeedi, A., Al-Munefi, K., Al-Houli, S. et Al-Rashidi, D. (2018). Childhood maltreatment: A predictor of mental health problems among adolescents and young adults. Child Abuse & Neglect, 80, 161-171.
- Bandola, C., Clément, M. È. et Bérubé, A. (2021). La réponse aux besoins affectifs et cognitifs de l’enfant : Application du modèle cumulatif à la population générale : Responding to children’s emotional and cognitive needs: Applying the cumulative model to the general population. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1177/07067437211020597
- Bartlett, J. D., Kotake, C., Fauth, R. et Easterbrooks, M. A. (2017). Intergenerational transmission of child abuse and neglect: Do maltreatment type, perpetrator, and substantiation status matter? Child Abuse & Neglect, 63, 84-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.11.021
- Beasley, R. E., Kivisto, A. J., Leonhardt, B. L. et Waldron, J. S. (2021). Childhood maltreatment and psychosis: A comparative validity study of maltreatment indices. Child Maltreatment, 26(2), 228-237. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559520927475
- Bernstein, D. P., Fink, L., Handelsman, L., Foote, J., Lovejoy, M., Wenzel, K., Sapareto, E. et Ruggiero, J. (1994). Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect. The American Journal of Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.151.8.1132
- Bernstein, D. P., Stein, J. A., Newcomb, M. D., Walker, E., Pogge, D., Ahluvalia, T., Stokes, J., Handelsman, L., Medrano, M., Desmond, D. et Zule, W. (2003). Development and validation of a brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Child Abuse & Neglect, 27(2), 169-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(02)00541-0
- Berthelot, N., Drouin-Maziade, C., Garon-Bissonnette, J., Lemieux, R., Sériès, T. et Lacharité, C. (2021). Evaluation of the acceptability of a prenatal program for women with histories of childhood trauma: The Program STEP. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.772706
- Berthelot, N., Garon-Bissonnette, J., Lemieux, R. et Drouin-Maziade, C. (2021). Soutenir les parents en attente d’un enfant ayant vécu des traumas développementaux : état des connaissances, obstacles à l’innovation, et récents développements. Cahier du CEIDEF : vulnérabilité et familles..
- Bérubé, A., Lafantaisie, V., Coutu, S., Dubeau, D., Caron, J., Couvillon, L. et Giroux, M. (2015). Élaboration d’un outil écosystémique et participatif pour l’analyse des besoins des enfants en contexte de négligence : l’outil Place aux parents. Revue de Psychoéducation, 44(1), 105-120. https://doi.org/10.7202/1039273ar
- Bosquet Enlow, M., Englund, M. M. et Egeland, B. (2018). Maternal childhood maltreatment history and child mental health: Mechanisms in intergenerational effects. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 47(sup1), S47-S62.
- Buisman, R. S., Pittner, K., Tollenaar, M. S., Lindenberg, J., van den Berg, L. J., Compier-de Block, L. H., van Ginkel, J. R., Alink, L. R. et van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2020). Intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment using a multi-informant multi-generation family design. PloS One, 15(3), e0225839. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225839
- Chamberland, C., Dufour, S., Lemay, L., Clément, M.-È., Lessard, D. et Poirier, M.-A. (2015). L’analyse écosystémique et participative des besoins des enfants vulnérables au Québec : 15 ans de recherche et d’intervention. Revue de Psychoéducation, 44(2), 457-468.
- Choi, K. W., Houts, R., Arseneault, L., Pariante, C., Sikkema, K. J. et Moffitt, T. E. (2019). Maternal depression in the intergenerational transmission of childhood maltreatment and its sequelae: Testing postpartum effects in a longitudinal birth cohort. Development and psychopathology, 31(1), 143-156.
- Clément, M. È., Bérubé, A. et Chamberland, C. (2016). Prevalence and risk factors of child neglect in the general population. Public Health, 138, 86-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2016.03.018
- Coulton, C. J., Richter, F. G. C., Korbin, J., Crampton, D. et Spilsbury, J. C. (2018). Understanding trends in neighborhood child maltreatment rates: A three-wave panel study 1990–2010. Child Abuse & Neglect, 84, 170-181.
- Davison, K. K., Charles, J. N., Khandpur, N. et Nelson, T. J. (2017). Fathers’ perceived reasons for their underrepresentation in child health research and strategies to increase their involvement. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 21(2), 267-274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-016-2157-z
- Degli Esposti, M., Humphreys, D. K., Jenkins, B. M., Gasparrini, A., Pooley, S., Eisner, M. et Bowes, L. (2019). Long-term trends in child maltreatment in England and Wales, 1858–2016: An observational, time-series analysis. The Lancet Public Health, 4(3), e148-e158. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30002-7
- Dufour, S., Lavergne, C., Larrivée, M. C. et Trocmé, N. (2008). Who are these parents involved in child neglect? A differential analysis by parent gender and family structure. Children and Youth Services Review, 30(2), 141-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2007.09.002
- Esposito, T., Chabot, M., Trocme, N., Fluke, J. D., Delaye, A., Caldwell, J., Hélie, S., King, B., De La Sablonnière-Griffin, M. et Mackrell, L. (2021). Recurrent involvement with the Quebec child protection system for reasons of neglect: A longitudinal clinical population study. Child Abuse & Neglect, 111, 104823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104823
- Font, S. A. et Maguire-Jack, K. (2020). It’s not “Just poverty”: Educational, social, and economic functioning among young adults exposed to childhood neglect, abuse, and poverty. Child Abuse & Neglect, 101, 104356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104356
- Freisthler, B., Merritt, D. H. et LaScala, E. A. (2006). Understanding the ecology of child maltreatment: A review of the literature and directions for future research. Child maltreatment, 11(3), 263-280.
- Goulet, M., Hélie, S. et Clément, M. È. (2018). Child and family needs profiles among cases substantiated by child protection services. Child Abuse & Neglect, 81, 366-379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.20 18.05.016
- Halpern, S. C., Schuch, F. B., Scherer, J. N., Sordi, A. O., Pachado, M., Dalbosco, C., ... et Von Diemen, L. (2018). Child maltreatment and illicit substance abuse: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Child Abuse Review, 27(5), 344-360.
- Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford Press.
- Hughes, K., Bellis, M. A., Hardcastle, K. A., Sethi, D., Butchart, A., Mikton, C., Jones, L. et Dunne, M. P. (2017). The effect of multiple adverse childhood experiences on health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Public Health, 2(8), e356-e366. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30118-4
- Kisely, S., Abajobir, A. A., Mills, R., Strathearn, L., Clavarino, A. et Najman, J. M. (2018). Child maltreatment and mental health problems in adulthood: Birth cohort study. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 213(6), 698-703.
- Lacerte, D., Rousseau, M. et Tarabulsy, G. M. (2018). Hausse des signalements à la Direction de la protection de la jeunesse dans la région de la Capitale-Nationale. Rapport déposé au Centre intégré universitaire de santé et services sociaux de la Capitale nationale.
- Lacharité, C. (2014). Programme d’aide personnelle, familiale et communautaire : PAPFC2 Guide de programme. (éd. rév.). Trois-Rivières, QC : CEIDEF/UQTR.
- Lafantaisie, V., Clément, M. È. et Coutu, S. (2013). L’isolement social des familles en situation de négligence : ce qu’en pensent les mères. Revue de psychoéducation, 42(2), 299-319
- Lavigueur, S. et Laurendeau, R. (1988). L’impact de l’intervention professionnelle sur le potentiel éducatif naturel de la famille du sujet en difficulté d’adaptation : rapport de recherche. Université du Québec à Hull, Département des sciences humaines.
- Léveillé, S. et Chamberland, C. (2010). Toward a general model for child welfare and protection services: A meta-evaluation of international experiences regarding the adoption of the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and Their Families (FACNF). Children and Youth Services Review, 32(7), 929-944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.03.009
- Madigan, S., Cyr, C., Eirich, R., Fearon, R. P., Ly, A., Rash, C., Poole, J. C., et Alink, L. R. (2019). Testing the cycle of maltreatment hypothesis: Meta-analytic evidence of the intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment. Development and Psychopathology, 31(1), 23-51. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579418001700
- Maguire-Jack, K. et Font, S. A. (2017a). Intersections of individual and neighborhood disadvantage: Implications for child maltreatment. Children and Youth Services Review, 72, 44-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.10.015
- Maguire-Jack, K. et Font, S. A. (2017b). Community and individual risk factors for physical child abuse and child neglect: Variations by poverty status. Child Maltreatment, 22(3), 215–226. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559517711806
- Marco, M., Maguire-Jack, K., Gracia, E. et López-Quílez, A. (2020). Disadvantaged neighborhoods and the spatial overlap of substantiated and unsubstantiated child maltreatment referrals. Child Abuse & Neglect, 104, 104477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104477
- McKenzie, E. F., Thompson, C. M., Hurren, E., Tzoumakis, S. et Stewart, A. (2021). Who maltreats? Distinct pathways of intergenerational (dis) continuity of child maltreatment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 118, 105105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105105
- McLeigh, J. D., McDonell, J. R. et Lavenda, O. (2018). Neighborhood poverty and child abuse and neglect: The mediating role of social cohesion. Children and Youth Services Review, 93, 154-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.07.018
- Mulder, T. M., Kuiper, K. C., van der Put, C. E., Stams, G. J. M. et Assink, M. (2018). Risk factors for child neglect: A meta-analytic review. Child Abuse & Neglect, 77, 198-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.01.006
- Najman, J. M., Kisely, S., Scott, J. G., Strathearn, L., Clavarino, A., Williams, G. M.,Middeldorp, C. et Bernstein, D. (2020). Agency notification and retrospective self-reports of childhood maltreatment in a 30-year cohort: Estimating population prevalence from different data sources. Child abuse & neglect, 109, 104744.
- Narayan, A. J., Lieberman, A. F. et Masten, A. S. (2021). Intergenerational transmission and prevention of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Clinical Psychology Review, 101997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2021.101997
- Paquette, D., Laporte, L., Bigras, M. et Zoccolillo, M. (2004). Validation de la version française du CTQ et prévalence de l’histoire de maltraitance. Santé mentale au Québec, 29(1), 201-220. https://doi.org/10.7202/008831ar
- Phares, V., Lopez, E., Fields, S., Kamboukos, D. et Duhig, A. M. (2005). Are fathers involved in pediatric psychology research and treatment? Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 30(8), 631-643. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsi050
- Phelps, J.L., Belsky, J. et Crnic, K. (1998). Earned security, daily stress, and parenting: A comparison of five alternative models. Development and Psychopathology, 10, 21-38. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579498001515
- Portmann, R., Mitrovic, T., Gonthier, H., Kosirnik, C., Knüsel, R. et Jud, A. (2022). Do socio-structural factors influence the incidence and reporting of child neglect? An analysis of multi-sectoral national data from Switzerland. Children and Youth Services Review, 106560.
- Savage, L. É., Tarabulsy, G. M., Pearson, J., Collin-Vézina, D. et Gagné, L. M. (2019). Maternal history of childhood maltreatment and later parenting behavior: A meta-analysis. Development and Psychopathology, 31(1), 9-21.
- St-Laurent, D., Dubois-Comtois, K., Milot, T. et Cantinotti, M. (2019). Intergenerational continuity/discontinuity of child maltreatment among low-income mother–child dyads: The roles of childhood maltreatment characteristics, maternal psychological functioning, and family ecology. Development and Psychopathology, 31(1), 189-202. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095457941800161X
- St-Laurent, D., Dubois-Comtois, K., Milot, T. et Cantinotti, M. (2022). Mécanismes associés à la continuité et la discontinuité intergénérationnelle de la maltraitance. In D. St-Laurent, K. Dubois-Comtois et C. Cyr (dir.), La maltraitance : Perspective développementale et écologique (pp. 35-66). Presses de l’Université du Québec.
- Stoltenborgh, M., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Alink, L. R. et van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2015). The prevalence of child maltreatment across the globe: Review of a series of meta-analyses. Child Abuse Review, 24(1), 37-50.
- Thompson, B. (2006). Foundations of behavioral statistics: An insight-based approach. Guilford Press.
- van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Coughlan, B. et Reijman, S. (2020). Annual Research Review: Umbrella synthesis of meta-analyses on child maltreatment antecedents and interventions: differential susceptibility perspective on risk and resilience. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61(3), 272-290. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13147
- White, O. G., Hindley, N. et Jones, D. P. (2015). Risk factors for child maltreatment recurrence: An updated systematic review. Medicine, Science and the Law, 55(4), 259-277.
- Yi, Y., Edwards, F. R. et Wildeman, C. (2020). Cumulative prevalence of confirmed maltreatment and foster care placement for US children by race/ethnicity, 2011–2016. American Journal of Public Health, 110(5), 704-709. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2019.305554
10.7202/1039273ar