Abstracts
Abstract
Appinite bodies are a suite of plutonic rocks, ranging from ultramafic to felsic in composition, that are characterized by idiomorphic hornblende as the dominant mafic mineral in all lithologies and by spectacularly diverse textures, including planar and linear magmatic fabrics, mafic pegmatites and widespread evidence of mingling between coeval mafic and felsic compositions. These features suggest crystallization from anomalously water-rich magma which, according to limited isotopic studies, has both mantle and meteoric components.
Appinite bodies typically occur as small (~2 km diameter) complexes emplaced along the periphery of granitoid plutons and commonly adjacent to major deep crustal faults, which they preferentially exploit during their ascent. Several studies emphasize the relationship between intrusion of appinite, granitoid plutonism and termination of subduction. However, recent geochronological data suggest a more long-lived genetic relationship between appinite and granitoid magma generation and subduction.
Appinite may represent aliquots of hydrous basaltic magma derived from variably fractionated mafic underplates that were originally emplaced during protracted subduction adjacent to the Moho, triggering generation of voluminous granitoid magma by partial melting in the overlying MASH zone. Hydrous mafic magma from this underplate may have ascended, accumulated, and differentiated at mid-to-upper crustal levels (ca. 3–6 kbar, 15 km depth) and crystallized under water-saturated conditions. The granitoid magma was emplaced in pulses when transient stresses activated favourably oriented structures which became conduits for magma transport. The ascent of late mafic magma, however, is impeded by the rheological barriers created by the structurally overlying granitoid magma bodies. Magma that forms appinite complexes evaded those rheological barriers because it preferentially exploited the deep crustal faults that bounded the plutonic system. In this scenario, appinite complexes may be a direct connection to the mafic underplate and so its most mafic components may provide insights into processes that generate granitoid batholiths and, more generally, into crustal growth in arc systems.
Keywords:
- appinite,
- granite,
- intrusion,
- water
Résumé
Les corps d’appinite sont une suite de roches plutoniques, de composition ultramafique à felsique, qui se caractérisent par de la hornblende idiomorphe comme minéral mafique dominant dans toutes les lithologies et par des textures spectaculairement diverses, y compris des fabriques magmatiques planaires et linéaires, des pegmatites mafiques et de nombreuses preuves de « mingling », mélange hétérogène, des compositions mafiques et felsiques de même âge. Ces caractéristiques suggèrent une cristallisation à partir d'un magma anormalement riche en eau qui, selon un nombre limité d’études isotopiques, possède à la fois des composants mantelliques et météoriques.
Les corps d’appinite se présentent généralement sous la forme de petits complexes (~ 2 km de diamètre) mis en place à la périphérie des plutons granitoïdes et généralement adjacents aux principales failles crustales profondes qu'ils exploitent préférentiellement lors de leur ascension. Plusieurs études soulignent la relation entre l'intrusion d'appinite, le plutonisme granitoïde et l’arrêt de la subduction. Cependant, des données géochronologiques récentes suggèrent une relation génétique de plus longue durée entre la génération d'appinite et de de magma granitoïde et la subduction.
L'appinite peut représenter des aliquotes de magma basaltique hydraté dérivées de sous-plaques mafiques à fractionnement variable qui ont été initialement mises en place lors d'une subduction prolongée adjacente au Moho, déclenchant la génération de magma granitoïde volumineux par fusion partielle dans la zone MASH sus-jacente. Le magma mafique hydraté de cette sous-plaque peut avoir remonté et s’être accumulé et différencié à des niveaux crustaux moyens à supérieurs (environ 3 à 6 kbar, 15 km de profondeur) et avoir cristallisé dans des conditions de saturation en eau. Le magma granitoïde s'est mis en place par impulsions lorsque des contraintes transitoires ont activé des structures favorablement orientées qui sont devenues des conduits pour le transport du magma. L'ascension du magma mafique tardif, cependant, est entravée par les barrières rhéologiques créées par les corps magmatiques granitoïdes structurellement sus-jacents. Le magma qui forme des complexes d'appinite a échappé à ces barrières rhéologiques car il a exploité préférentiellement les failles crustales profondes qui délimitaient le système plutonique. Dans ce scénario, les complexes d'appinite peuvent être une connexion directe à la sous-plaque mafique et ainsi ses composants les plus mafiques peuvent fournir des informations sur les processus qui génèrent des batholites granitoïdes et, plus généralement, sur la croissance crustale dans les systèmes d'arc.
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