Abstracts
Résumé
Les systèmes de guérison traditionnels du Pérou – dont certains remonteraient à l’époque préhistorique, selon les estimations – sont reconnus pour leur utilisation saillante des plantes psychotropes. En outre, les traditions de soins rattachées aux montagnes andines, appelées sierra, s’articulent autour du cocaïer (Erythroxylum coca). Pour leur part, les traditions de guérison qui proviennent des déserts de la côte pacifique du nord (costa) sont plutôt caractérisées par l’utilisation du cactus psychoactif huachuma (Echinopsis pachanoi). Finalement les systèmes médicaux qui se sont développés à l’est des Andes, dans les forêts tropicales de l’Amazonie, font appel à diverses plantes psychotropes, dont le tabac (Nicotiana rustica) et l’ayahuasca (Banisteriopsis caapi) sont les plus connus. Le présent article porte sur les traditions de guérison péruviennes, en particulier la branche amazonienne, dans le contexte de la renaissance psychédélique actuelle. Nous soutenons que l’inclusivité culturelle des études cliniques dans le cadre de la reprise des recherches psychédéliques est indispensable, en présentant deux exemples de recherche transculturelle clinique sur le terrain. Le premier inclut une étude collaborative effectuée avec un guérisseur traditionnel amazonien qui se spécialise dans l’utilisation de la plante de tabac à des fins thérapeutiques, tandis que le second met l’accent sur un programme intégratif de traitement des toxicomanies combinant médecine amazonienne et psychothérapie. Ces exemples illustrent des moyens thérapeutiques prometteurs soulignant l’utilité de l’approche transculturelle, non seulement dans le cadre clinique, mais aussi pour l’équité culturelle dans la renaissance psychédélique.
Mots-clés :
- plantes psychotropes,
- renaissance psychédélique,
- médecines traditionnelles,
- guérison autochtone,
- Pérou,
- Amazonie,
- tabac,
- Nicotiana rustica,
- ayahuasca
Abstract
Peruvian traditional healing systems, some of which have been estimated to date back to prehistoric times, are known for their prominent usage of psychoactive plants: For curing traditions in the Andean highlands or sierra, it is the coca bush (Erythroxylum coca) that plays the protagonist role. Healing traditions that have arisen in the deserts of the northern Pacific coast (costa), on the other hand, are characterized by the usage of the psychoactive huachuma cactus (Echinopsis pachanoi). Finally, medical systems that have evolved east to the Andes in the tropical forests of the Amazon make use of diverse psychoactive plants, of which especially tobacco (Nicotiana rustica) and ayahuasca (Banisteriopsis caapi) are known. The present contribution takes reference to the Peruvian healing tradition and mainly its Amazonian branch in the context of the ongoing psychedelic renaissance. We argue that culturally inclusive studies are critical in the scope of the revival of psychedelic research and present two examples of cross-cultural clinical field research in this context. The first one involved a collaborative study with an Amazonian traditional healer specializing in the usage of the tobacco plant for therapeutic purposes, while the second one focused on an integrative Peruvian addiction treatment program, in which Amazonian medicine is combined with psychotherapy. The examples point to promising therapeutic means and underscore the importance of an intercultural approach in view of both clinical utility and cultural equality in the psychedelic renaissance.
Keywords:
- psychoactive plants,
- psychedelic renaissance,
- traditional medicines,
- amerindian healing,
- Peru,
- Amazon,
- tobacco,
- Nicotiana rustica,
- ayahuasca
Resumen
Los sistemas de curación peruanos, algunos de los cuales se estima que existen desde tiempos prehistóricos, son conocidos por su prominente uso de plantas psicoactivas: Para las tradiciones de la sierra andina, es la planta de la coca (Erythroxylum coca) la que juega el rol protagonista. Por otra parte, las tradiciones curativas que surgieron en los desiertos de la costa pacífica del norte, se caracterizan por el uso de un cactus psicoactivo llamado huachuma (Echinopsis pachanoi). Finalmente, los sistemas de curación que evolucionaron al este de los Andes, en los bosques tropicales de la Amazonía, hacen uso de diversas plantas psicoactivas, de los cuales son especialmente conocidos el tabaco (Nicotiana rustica) y la ayahuasca (Banisteriopsis caapi). El presente artículo hace referencia a la tradición curativa peruana, y principalmente a su rama amazónica, en el contexto del renacimiento psicodélico. Argumentamos que en el ámbito actual del resurgimiento de la investigación científica sobre sustancias psicoactivas, los estudios culturalmente incluyentes son fundamentales. En ese contexto presentamos dos ejemplos de estudios de campo clínicos interculturales. El primero involucra un estudio transdiciplinario colaborativo que incluye un curandero amazónico especializado en el uso de la planta del tabaco para fines terapéuticos. El secundo se enfoca en un programa de tratamiento de adiciones integrativo en la Amazonía peruana, el cual combina la medicina amazónica con psicoterapia. Los ejemplos apuntan a sistemas terapéuticos prometedores y subrayan la importancia de un abordaje intercultural, tanto a la vista de la utilidad clínica, como de la equidad cultural en el renacimiento psicodélico.
Palabras clave:
- plantas psicoactivas,
- renacimiento psicodélico,
- medicina tradicional,
- Perú,
- Amazonía,
- nicotiana rustica,
- ayahuasca
Appendices
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