Abstracts
Résumé
Bien qu’il soit admis qu’Internet a des effets importants sur la façon dont les régions se développent économiquement, les études restent partagées son impact réel. À l’aube d’un élargissement des politiques de connectivité, quels impacts la mise en place de l’Internet haute vitesse dans les territoires du Québec a-t-elle eu sur la création et la fermeture d’établissements entre 2005 et 2019 ? En nous basant sur un modèle de doubles différences avec appariement par score de propension, nous isolons l’effet de l’implantation de l’Internet haute vitesse (Câble/DSL et Fibre) sur la création et les fermetures d’établissements. Les estimations sont réalisées pour tous les secteurs industriels confondus, ainsi que pour sept secteurs spécifiques. Les résultats montrent que l’accès aux technologies haut débit comme le Câble et la DSL a significativement augmenté la création et réduit le nombre de fermetures d’établissements dans l’ensemble des industries. L’accès à la Fibre, en revanche, a significativement réduit la création d’établissements et augmenté les fermetures, de façon globale pour l’ensemble des industries, avec des effets variés selon les secteurs. Ces résultats confirment que l’accès au haut débit est un enjeu clé pour le développement économique territorial, mais mettent en évidence une hétérogénéité des effets selon le type d’activité, le territoire et la technologie implantée.
Mots-clés :
- Internet,
- développement économique,
- création d’établissements,
- fermeture d’établissements,
- méthode d’appariement et de doubles différences
Abstract
While it is acknowledged that the Internet has a significant impact on the way regions develop economically, studies remain divided as to its actual impact. At the dawn of an expanding set of connectivity policies, what impacts has the implementation of high-speed Internet in Quebec territories had on the creation and closure of establishments between 2005 and 2019? Based on a difference-in-difference estimator with propensity score matching, we isolate the effect of the implementation of high-speed Internet (Cable/DSL and fiber optics) on the creation and closure of establishments. Estimates are produced for all industrial sectors combined, as well as for seven specific sectors. The results show that access to broadband technologies such as Cable and DSL has significantly increased the number of new establishments and reduced the number of closures in all industries. Access to fiber optics, on the other hand, significantly reduced the number of new establishments and increased the number of closures, across all industries, with varying effects by sector. These results confirm that broadband access is a key issue for regional economic development, while also highlighting the heterogeneity of the effects depending on the type of activity, the region and the technology implemented.
Keywords:
- Internet,
- economic development,
- establishment creation,
- establishment closure,
- matching and difference-in-difference estimator
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Appendices
Remerciements
Nous aimerions remercier Stéphanie Truchet, Mario Polèse de même que trois évaluateurs anonymes pour leurs suggestions et commentaires utiles. Ce projet a été financé par le Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et Technologies (FRQNT), Programme Samuel-De-Champlain.
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