Abstracts
Abstract
Industry 4.0 advancements in technology are creating a dynamic and fast changing world that affects how we live and work. Educators need to rethink existing teaching approaches to better prepare learners for future careers that Industry 4.0 will create. The World Economic Forum defined a new education model, called Education 4.0, which contains eight major changes to redefine learning in the new economy. Heutagogy, or self-determined learning, is an approach that promotes critical thinking, social-emotional skills, and life-long learning. These skills are necessary for Education 4.0. The purpose of this paper is to recommend the principles of heutagogy as an effective teaching and learning approach to meet the needs of Education 4.0. The approach of the study examines existing literature on Education 4.0 and heutagogy. A conceptual model that interconnects heutagogy to the four learning principles of Education 4.0 will be offered as a key finding to answer the research question: How does heutagogy in higher online education meet the needs of Education 4.0? The paper provides a base for further research and discussion into how heutagogy and other approaches can support the needs of Education 4.0 to prepare learners for a changing world.
Keywords:
- Education 4.0,
- Heutagogy,
- higher online education,
- Industry 4.0,
- lifelong learning
Résumé
Les progrès technologiques de l'industrie 4.0 créent un monde dynamique et en rapide évolution qui affecte notre façon de vivre et de travailler. Les éducateurs doivent repenser les approches pédagogiques existantes afin de mieux préparer les apprenants aux futures carrières que l'industrie 4.0 créera. Le Forum économique mondial a défini un nouveau modèle d'éducation, appelé Éducation 4.0, qui contient huit changements majeurs pour redéfinir l'apprentissage dans la nouvelle économie. L'heutagogie, ou apprentissage autodéterminé, est une approche qui favorise la pensée critique, les compétences socioémotionnelles et l'apprentissage tout au long de la vie. Ces compétences sont nécessaires à l'éducation 4.0. L'objectif de cet article est de recommander des principes de l'heutagogie comme une approche d'enseignement et d'apprentissage efficace pour répondre aux besoins de l'éducation 4.0. L'approche de l'étude consiste à examiner la littérature existante sur l'éducation 4.0 et l'heutagogie. Un modèle conceptuel qui relie l'heutagogie aux quatre principes d'apprentissage de l'éducation 4.0 sera proposé comme résultat principal pour répondre à la question de recherche : comment l'heutagogie dans l'enseignement supérieur en ligne répond-elle aux besoins de l'éducation 4.0 ? Ce document fournit une base pour des recherches et des discussions plus approfondies sur la façon dont l'heutagogie et d'autres approches peuvent répondre aux besoins de l'éducation 4.0 afin de préparer les apprenants à un monde en évolution.
Mots-clés :
- éducation 4.0,
- heutagogie,
- enseignement supérieur en ligne,
- industrie 4.0,
- apprentissage tout au long de la vie
Appendices
Bibliography
- Abdullah, Q. 'A., Humaidi, N., & Shahrom, M. (2020). Industry revolution 4.0: The readiness of graduates of higher education institutions for fulfilling job demands. Romanian Journal of Information Technology and Automatic Control, 15-26. http://doi.org/10.33436/v30i2y202002
- Agonács, N., & Matos, J. F. (2019). Heutagogy and self-determined learning: A review of the published literature on the application and implementation of the theory. Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning, 34(3), 223-240. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680513.2018.1562329
- Ally, M., & Wark, N. (2020). Sustainable development and education in the fourth industrial revolution (4ir). Commonwealth of Learning (COL). http://oasis.col.org/bitstream/handle/11599/3698/2020_Ally_Wark_SustainDev_in_4IR.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
- Anderson, T. (2010). Theories for learning with emerging technologies. In G. Veletsianos (Ed.), Emerging technologies in distance education (pp. 35-50). Athabasca University Press. http://www.aupress.ca/books/120177/ebook/02_Veletsianos_2010-Emerging_Technologies_in_Distance_Education.pdf
- Ashton, J., & Newman, L. (2006). An unfinished symphony: 21st century teacher education using knowledge creating heutagogies. British Journal of Educational Technology, 37(6), 825–840. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2006.00662.x
- Barnett, B. G., & O’Mahony, G. R. (2006). Developing a culture of reflection: implications for school improvement. Reflective Practice, 7(4), 499–523. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623940600987130
- Blaschke, L. M. (2012). Heutagogy and lifelong learning: A review of heutagogical practice and self-determined learning. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 13(1), 56-71. https://doi.org/10.19173/IRRODL.V13I1.1076
- Blaschke, L. M. (2021). The dynamic mix of heutagogy and technology: Preparing learners for lifelong learning. British Journal of Education Technology, 52(4), 1629-1645. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13105
- Blaschke, L. M., & Hase, S. (2015). Heutagogy: A holistic framework for creating 21st century self-determined learners. In B. Gros, Kinshuk, & M. Maina. (Eds.), The Future of Ubiquitous Learning: Lecture Notes in Educational Technology (pp. 25-40). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47724-3_2
- Canning, N. (2010). Playing with heutagogy: Exploring strategies to empower mature learners in higher education. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 34(1), 59–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/03098770903477102
- Cochrane, T. (2020). Exploring #heutagogy. Exploring Educational Technology (Weblog). https://thomcochrane.wordpress.com/2020/10/14/exploring-heutagogy/
- Davis, L., & Hase, S. (2001). The river of learning in the workplace. Research to reality: Putting VET research to work. Proceedings of the Australian Vocational Education and Training Research Association (AVETRA) Conference. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED456269.pdf
- Ehlers, U.-D., & Kellermann, S. A. (2019). Future skills: The future of learning and higher education. Results of the International Future Skills Delphi Survey. https://www.learntechlib.org/p/208249/
- Elayyan, S. (2021). The future of education according to the fourth industrial revolution. Journal of Educational Technology & Online Learning, 4(1), 23-30. http://doi.org/10.31681/jetol.737193
- Fisk, P. (2017). Education 4.0 ... the future of learning will be dramatically different, in school and throughout life. https://www.peterfisk.com/2017/01/future-education-young-everyone-taught-together/
- Gernstein, J. (2014). Moving from Education 1.0 through Education 2.0 towards Education 3.0. In L. M. Blaschke, C. Kenyon, & S. Hase (Eds.), Experiences in self-determined learning (pp. 83-96). Amazon.
- Harkins, A. M. (2008). Leapfrog principles and practices: Core components of education 3.0 and 4.0. Futures Research Quarterly, 24(1), 19-31.
- Hase, S. (2014). An introduction to self-determined learning (Heutagogy). In L. Blaschke, C. Kenyon, & S. Hase, Experiences in self-determined learning (pp. 15-30). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268684257_Experiences_in_self-determined_learning/stats#fullTextFileContent
- Hase, S., & Blaschke, L. (2021a). So, you want to do heutagogy: Principles and practice. In S. Hase, & L. M. Blaschke, Unleashing the power of learner agency (pp. 13-33). Edtechbooks.org. https://edtechbooks.org/up/pp
- Hase, S., & Blaschke, L. (2021b). The pedagogy of learner agency. In S. Hase, & L. M. Blaschke, Unleashing the power of learner agency (pp. 4-12). Edtechbooks.org. https://edtechbooks.org/up/pp
- Hase, S., & Davis, L. (1999, August 6-8). From competence to capability: The implications for human resource development and management. Proceedings of Millennial Challenges in Management, Education, Cybertechnology, and Leadership: Association of International Management, 17th Annual Conference. San Diego, CA, USA.
- Hase, S., & Kenyon, C. (2000). From andragogy to heutagogy. In Utilbase Articles. https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20010220130000/http://ultibase.rmit.edu.au/Articles/dec00/hase2.htm
- Hussin, A. A. (2018). Education 4.0 made simple: Ideas for teaching. International Journal of Education & Literacy Studies, 6(3), 92-92. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1190812.pdf
- Institute for the Future. (2013, November 9). From Educational Institutions to Learning Flows. https://www.iftf.org/uploads/media/SR-1580-IFTF_Future_of_Learning_01.pdf
- Ishak, R., & Mansor, M. (2020). The relationship between knowledge management and organizational learning with academic staff readiness for education 4.0. Eurasian Journal of Education Research, 85, 169-184.
- JISC. (2019). Preparing for Education 4.0. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/hub/jisc/p/preparing-education-40
- Koul, S., & Nayar, B. (2021). The holistic learning educational ecosystem: A classroom 4.0 perspective. Higher Education Quarterly, 75, 98-112. https://doi.org/10.1111/hequ.12271
- Lock, J., Lakhal, S., Cleveland-Innes, M., Arancibia, P., Dell, D., & De Silva, N. (2021). Creating technology-enabled lifelong learning: A heutagogical approach. British Journal of Educational Technology, 52(4), 1646-1662. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13122
- McAuliffe, M., Hargreaves, D., Winter, A., & Chadwick, G. (2009). Does pedagogy still rule? Australian Journal of Engineering, 15, 13-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/22054952.2009.11464018
- Nagarajan, R., & Prabhu, R. (2015). Competence and capability: A new look. The International Journal of Management, 6(6), 7-11.
- Redecker, C., & Punie, Y. (2017). European framework for the digital competence of educators: DigCompEdu. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Commission. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2760/159770
- Sala, A., Punie, Y., Garkov, V., & Cabrera, M. (2020). LifeComp: The european framework for personal, social and learning to learn key competence, EUR 30246 EN. Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2760/302967
- Salmon, G. (2017). Higher Education 1.0 to Education 3.0 and Beyond. https://www.gillysalmon.com/blog/higher-education-3-0-and-beyond
- Salmon, G. (2019). May the fourth be with you: Creating education 4.0. Journal of Learning for Development, 6(2), 95-115. https://doi.org/10.56059/jl4d.v6i2.352
- Schwab, K. (2016). The fourth industrial revolution: What it means and how to respond. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-what-it-means-and-how-to-respond
- Shahroom, A. A., & Hussin, N. (2018). Industrial revolution 4.0 and education. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(9), 314-319. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i9/4593
- Singh, H. (2003). Building effective blended learning programmes. Issues of Educational Technology, 43(6), 51–54.
- Tümen Akyıldız, S. (2019). Do 21st century teachers know about heutagogy or do they still adhere to traditional pedagogy and andragogy? International Journal of Progressive Education, 15(6), 151–169. https://doi.org/10.29329/ijpe.2019.215.10
- World Economic Forum. (2018). The future of jobs report 2018. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_of_Jobs_2018.pdf
- World Economic Forum. (2020). Schools of the future: Defining new models of education for the fourth industrial revolution. World Economic Forum, 1–33.
- Xing, B., & Marwala, T. (2017). Implications of the fourth industrial age for higher education. The Thinker (73 Third Quarter), 10-15. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3225331
- Zahidi, S. (Saadia Zahidi). (2019, December 16). How are the forum partners advancing prosperous, inclusive, equitable economies and societies? [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wmRY63R650U&t=1s