Abstracts
Résumé
Au XIXe siècle, alors que la première mondialisation battait son plein, des voix s’élevaient pour dénoncer l’exploitation insoutenable de la forêt, tant en Europe qu’en Amérique. Des alertes sur un épuisement de la forêt nord-américaine fusèrent régulièrement et, devant l’imminence d’une « disette du bois », la presse britannique mit en opposition les partisans de la protection des forêts et les promoteurs d’une libéralisation illimitée du commerce international. Pour comprendre les termes du débat et expliquer les divergences de vues sur l’épuisement de la forêt, nous confrontons les arguments des protagonistes aux conditions matérielles de la commercialisation du bois. Dans cet article, nous proposons une étude de la géographie forestière de la première mondialisation pour comprendre comment des discours sur l’épuisement de la forêt et la disette du bois, à l’origine campés dans des contextes nationaux, s’inscrivent dans un espace en recomposition à l’échelle planétaire, celui du commerce international du bois.
Mots-clés :
- Mondialisation,
- commerce international,
- géographie historique,
- déforestation,
- épuisement de la forêt,
- disette du bois
Abstract
In the nineteenth century, while the first globalization was in full swing, voices were raised to denounce the unsustainable exploitation of the forest, both in Europe and America. Warnings of an exhaustion of timber resources raised the specter of an imminent “timber famine”, and led the British press to pit supporters of forest protection against those who promoted the liberalization of international trade. To understand the nature of the debate and explain the differences of opinions on the depletion of forest resources, this article confronts the protagonists’ arguments with the material conditions of timber trade. This article proposes a study of forest geography during the first globalization to understand how discourses on the exhaustion of forest resources and the timber famine—which were originally encamped in national contexts—fit into the transitioning global landscape of international timber trade.
Keywords:
- Globalization,
- international trade,
- historical geography,
- deforestation,
- depletion of the forest,
- timber famine
Resumen
En el siglo XIX, cuando la primera mundialización estaba en pleno apogeo, surgieron voces de protesta denunciando la explotación forestal inadmisible, tanto en Europa como en América. Estallaron regularmente alertas contra el agotamiento de los bosques norteamericanos. Delante la inminente “hambruna de madera”, la prensa británica opuso partidarios de la protección de los bosques y promotores de una liberalización ilimitada del comercio internacional. Para comprender los términos del debate y explicar las divergencias de los puntos de vista sobre el agotamiento forestal, confrontamos los argumentos de los protagonistas con las condiciones materiales de la comercialización de la madera. En este artículo, proponemos un estudio de la Geografía Forestal de la primera mundialización, para entender cómo discursos sobre el agotamiento forestal y la escasez de madera, originalmente situados en contextos nacionales, se inscriben en un espacio en recomposición a escala planetaria, el del comercio internacional de la madera.
Palabras clave:
- Mundialización,
- comercio internacional,
- Geografía Histórica,
- deforestación,
- agotamiento forestal,
- escasez de madera
Appendices
Bibliographie
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